Nickel(II) nitrate

Nickel(II) nitrate

Names
IUPAC name Nickel(II) nitrate
Other names Nickel nitrate Nickelous nitrate Nitric acid, nickel(2+) salt
Identifiers
CAS Number	13138-45-9 13478-00-7 (hexahydrate)
ChemSpider	23976
EC Number	238-076-4
Jmol interactive 3D	Image
PubChem	25736
InChI InChI=1S/2NO3.Ni/c2*2-1(3)4;/q2*-1;+2 Key: KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1/2NO3.Ni/c2*2-1(3)4;/q2*-1;+2 Key: KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYAP
SMILES [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O
Properties
Chemical formula	Ni(NO3)2
Molar mass	182.703 g/mol (anhydrous) 290.79 g/mol (hexahydrate)
Appearance	emerald green hygroscopic solid
Odor	odorless
Density	2.05 g/cm^3 (hexahydrate)
Melting point	56.7 °C (134.1 °F; 329.8 K) (hexahydrate)
Boiling point	136.7 °C (278.1 °F; 409.8 K) (hexahydrate)
Solubility in water	243 (hexahydrate) g/100ml (0 °C)[1]
Solubility	soluble in ethanol
Refractive index (nD)	1.422 (hexahydrate)
Structure
Crystal structure	monoclinic (hexahydrate)
Hazards
Safety data sheet	External MSDS
EU classification (DSD)	Oxidant (O) Carc. Cat. 1 Muta. Cat. 3 Repr. Cat. 2 Toxic (T) Harmful (Xn) Irritant (Xi) Dangerous for the environment (N)
R-phrases	R49, R61, R8, R20/22, R38, R41, R42/43, R48/23, R68, R50/53
S-phrases	S53, S45, S60, S61
NFPA 704	0 2 0 OX
Flash point	Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (Median dose)	1620 mg/kg (oral, rat)
Related compounds
Other anions	Nickel(II) sulfate Nickel(II) chloride
Other cations	Palladium(II) nitrate
Related compounds	Cobalt(II) nitrate Copper(II) nitrate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Nickel nitrate is the inorganic compound Ni(NO₃)₂ or any hydrate thereof. The anhydrous form is not commonly encountered, thus "nickel nitrate" usually refers to nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate. The formula for this species is written in two ways. Ni(NO₃)₂^.6H₂O and, more descriptively [Ni(H₂O)₆](NO₃)₂. The latter formula indicates that the nickel(II) center is surrounded by six water molecules in this hydrated salt. In the hexahydrate, the nitrate anions are not bonded to nickel. Also known are three other hydrates: Ni(NO₃)₂^.9H₂O, Ni(NO₃)₂^.4H₂O, and Ni(NO₃)₂^.2H₂O. Anhydrous Ni(NO₃)₂ is also known.^[2]

It is prepared by the reaction of nickel oxide with nitric acid:

NiO + 2 HNO₃ + 5 H₂O → Ni(NO₃)₂^.6H₂O

The anhydrous nickel nitrate is typically not prepared by the heating the hydrates. Rather is generated by reaction of hydrates with dinitrogen pentoxide or of nickel carbonyl with dinitrogen tetroxide:^[2]

Ni(CO)₄ + 2 N₂O₄ → Ni(NO₃)₂ + 2 NO + 4 CO

The hydrated nitrate is often used as a precursor to supported nickel catalysts.

Safety

Like other nitrates, nickel nitrate is oxidizing. It is also irritating to the eyes, skin and, upon inhalation of the dust, respiratory tract. It may cause skin allergy. Nickel nitrate is a carcinogen, along with most other nickel compounds. The nickel ion is also toxic to aquatic organisms.

References

1. Perry's Chem Eng Handbook, 7th Ed
2. Keith Lascelles, Lindsay G. Morgan, David Nicholls, Detmar Beyersmann, "Nickel Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_235.pub2

Salts and covalent derivatives of the Nitrate ion
HNO3																	He
LiNO3	Be(NO3)2											B(NO3)4^−	C	N	O	FNO3	Ne
NaNO3	Mg(NO3)2											Al(NO3)3	Si	P	S	ClONO2	Ar
KNO3	Ca(NO3)2	Sc(NO3)3	Ti(NO3)4	VO(NO3)3	Cr(NO3)3	Mn(NO3)2	Fe(NO3)3	Co(NO3)2, Co(NO3)3	Ni(NO3)2	Cu(NO3)2	Zn(NO3)2	Ga(NO3)3	Ge	As	Se	Br	Kr
RbNO3	Sr(NO3)2	Y	Zr(NO3)4	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd(NO3)2	AgNO3	Cd(NO3)2	In	Sn	Sb	Te	I	Xe(NO3)2
CsNO3	Ba(NO3)2		Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Hg2(NO3)2, Hg(NO3)2	Tl(NO3)3	Pb(NO3)2	Bi(NO3)3	Po	At	Rn
Fr	Ra		Rf	Db	Sg	Bh	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg	Cn	Uut	Fl	Uup	Lv	Uus	Uuo
		↓
		La	Ce(NO3)3, Ce(NO3)4	Pr	Nd	Pm	Sm	Eu	Gd(NO3)3	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
		Ac	Th	Pa	UO2(NO3)2	Np	Pu	Am	Cm	Bk	Cf	Es	Fm	Md	No	Lr