Nikoloz Muskhelishvili

Nikoloz (Niko) Muskhelishvili
Николай Мусхелишвили
ნიკოლოზ მუსხელიშვილი
Born (1891-02-16)February 16, 1891
Tbilisi, Georgia, Russian Empire
Died July 15, 1976(1976-07-15) (aged 85)
Tbilisi, Georgian SSR
Citizenship Soviet Union
Nationality Soviet Union
Fields theoratical and applied mathematics, physics and mechanics
Institutions Saint Petersburg State University
Transcaucasus Academy of Sciences
Academy of Sciences Georgian SSR
Polytechnic Institute
Numerous other Soviet and foreign institutions
Cooperation with OKB research labs.
Alma mater Saint Petersburg State University
Doctoral students Mark Vishik
Known for Contributions and solutions on numerous mathematical and physical theories, including elasticity, algebraic equations and practical implementation of physical theories on weapon development of USSR. Contribution on the development of the first space satellite. Founder of Georgian State Academy.
Notable awards




Gold Medal Lomonosov
Gold Medal Turin Academy of sciences
Gold Medal Slovak Academy of Sciences
Cyril and Methodius 1 degree (Bulgaria)
numerous other awards

Nikoloz (Niko) Muskhelishvili (Georgian: ნიკოლოზ (ნიკო) მუსხელიშვილი ; February 16 [O.S. 4 February] 1891 – July 16, 1976) was a renowned Soviet Georgian mathematician, physician and engineer who was one of the founders and first President (1941–1972) of the Georgian SSR Academy of Sciences (now Georgian Academy of Sciences). He is often referred by the Russian version of his name, Nikolay Ivanovich Muskhelisvili (Николай Иванович Мусхелишвили).

Life and career

Muskhelishvili was born on February 4(16) 1891 in Tbilisi Georgia, then part of the USSR into a family of engineers. He graduated from local grammar school in 1909 and afterwards from the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Saint Petersburg in 1914. Immediately after his graduation he became head of Applied Mathematics of the same faculty and in 1918 passed the exam for the master's degree. His first scientific magazine was published already earlier in 1915 containing a number of issues on elasticity theory. From 1917 to 1920 he worked as assistant director of the Petrograd University and also taught mathematics in other institutions in Saint Petersburg. At request of the short lived Democratic Republic of Georgia he moved back to his native country in 1920 in order to organize the establishment of a national scientific school. There Muskhelishvili conducted lessons in the Tbilisi State University and Polytechnic Institute as an assistant professor and from 1922 to 1938 as head professor. After the Soviet invasion of Georgia in 1921 Muskhelishvili was allowed to carry on his works in the Transcaucasian Soviet Academy of Sciences and since 1933 was corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He became a member of the CPSU in 1940.

In 1941 based on the former Georgian Academy of Sciences a new USSR Academy of Sciences was established by the Georgian SSR and Muskhelishvili got elected as its first president and academician. Simultaneously he also became director of the Tbilisi Mathematics Institute named after AM Rasmadze, and held that position until his death in 1976.

From 1956 to 1976 Muskhelishvili was chairman of the National Committee of the USSR on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences). Since 1957 he was also member of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences. In 1972 due to health problems the professor resigned from the post of president of the Georgian SSR Academy of Sciences but in recognition for his outstanding achievements and services was elected honorary president of the academy. He was also academician and honorary professor of the Academies of Sciences of the Armenian and Azerbaijani SSRs since 1961. Muskhelishvili was honorary member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences since 1952, Polish Academy of Sciences since 1960 and the Berlin Academy of Sciences since 1967. He also held the position of deputy chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union in eight convocations from 1937 to 1974.

Nikoloz Muskhelishvili died on July 15, 1976 in Tbilisi and is buried in the Mtatsminda Pantheon

Contributions to science

Muskhelishvili conducted fundamental research on the theories of physical elasticity, Integral equations, Boundary value problems and other. He was one of the first to apply the theory of functions of complex variables to the problems of elasticity theories, proposing a number of techniques that have been successfully implemented in numerous areas of mathematics, theoretical physics and mechanics. His works solved all major problems of the Plane Elasticity Theory opening a wide class of domains reducing the plane problem to finite systems of linear algebraic equations c singular kernels. He is also credited with major contributions to the theory of linear boundary value problems for analytic functions and one-dimensional integral equations. Muskhelishvili is author of various scientific articles, monographs and textbooks on mathematics which have been used by universities since their publishing. Highest regarded ones are the monographs "Some basic problems of the mathematical theory of elasticity" (1933) and "Singular Integral Equations" (1947).

Involvement in military research

During World War II Muskhelishvili was responsible for retargeting the preoccupation of the Academy of Science to national defense. He completed a series of research, experimental and theoratical work in different areas of applied mathematics, physics and mechanics, which all had great practical importance and decisive impact on the development of a range of military hardware during and after the war. However the exact scale is unknown and classified. His achievements and involvement in the defense sphere earned him several awards, including the Medal "For the Defence of the Caucasus". He got also awarded for the launch of the world's first artificial satellite into space in 1961 on which development he had contributed as well. Muskhelishvili was a renown specialist in engineering able to apply a lot of his theories and solutions, including torsion bars suspension for tracked vehicles such as tanks. Most of his research, theories and ideas were considered and implemented for the development of certain vehicles during the Cold War, some of which already originated from his earlier theoretical work during World War II, on elasticity of specific material under specific circumstances such as different temperature, weight, composition etc. His work practically applied to anything from land based vehicles to aircraft, rockets and satellites. This is why his work was regarded as fundamental in the USSR.

Membership in scientific academies

Notable awards

The Georgian Academy of Sciences established a prize named after Nikoloz Muskhelishvili[1][2]

Main publications

This list contains published work of professor Muskhelishvili and does not include books and papers dedicated to him and his theories.

References

  • Muskhelishvili, Nikoloz. Poggendorff's biographischliterarisches Handwörterbuch. Bd. 6. 1923–1931. 3. L-R. Berlin, Verlag Chemie, 1938, S.1811.
  • Ali Kheiralla, . Muskhelishvili, N.I.Some Basic problems of the mathematical theory of elasticity. Third revis. and augmented ed. Moscow,1949,Groningen, P.Noordhoff, Ltd., 1953.-J.Appl. Mech.,21(1954), No 4, 417-418.
  • Bogoliubov, N. N., Medvedev, B. V. and Tavkhelidze, A.N. The appllication of the methods of N.I. Muskhelishvili to the solution of singular integral equations in quantum field theory. Problems of continuum mechanics. Contributions in honor of the seventieth birthday of academician N.I. Muskhelishvili. 16 February 1961. Philadelphia, Pa, Soc. Industrial and Appl. Math.,(1961), 39–55.
  • Brandstatter, J.J. Muskhelishvili N.I. Some basic problems of the mathematical theory of elasticity. Third revis.and augmented ed., Moscow,1949. Groningen, P. Noordhoff, Ltd., 1953. Appl.Mech.Rev., 7(1954), No 7, 293–294.
  • Hill, R. A landmark in the theory of elasticity.[Muskhelishvili, N. I. Singular integral equations. Ed. 2. Moscow, 1946. Groningen, P. Noordhoff, N.V.,1953; Muskhelishvili, N.I. Some basic problems of the mathematical theory of elastisity.Third revised and augmented ed. Moscow,1949.Groningen, P. Noordhoff, N. V.,1953]. Nature, 174(1954), No 4433, 713–714.
  • Mgaloblishvili, L. I. (2003), Три президента Академии Наук Грудзии. Штрихи кпортетам Н. И. Мусхелишвили, И. Н. Векуа, Е. К. Харадзе – Three presidents of the Georgian Academy of Sciences. Traits for the portraits Nikoloz Muskhelishvili, Ilya Veuka, Yevgeni Kharadze (PDF) (in Georgian and English), Moscow: Nauka, p. 147, ISBN 5-02-032785-9 .
  • Scott, E.J. Muskhelishvili, N. I. Singular integral equations. 2nd ed. Groningen, P. Noordhoff, Ltd., 1953. Appl. Mech. Rev.,7(1954), No 10, 424–425.
  • Nikolai Ivanovich Muskhelishvili. (Russian) Materiali k bibliografii uchenych v SSSR, Seria "Matematika". Foreword by I.Vekua. Bibliografy by A. Epifanova. Nauka, Moscow, 1967.
  • Niko Muskhelishvili (Biobibliographical Series "Georgian Scientists"; Foreword by A. Bitsadze and B. Khvedelidze). (Georgian) Metsniereba, Tbilisi,1980.
  • N. Vekua. Niko Muskhelishvili. (Georgian) Metsniereba,Tbilisi, 1989.
  • I.Vekua. Academician Nikolai Ivanovich Muskhelishvili.[Dedic. to the 70th birthday]. Short Biography and Survey of Scientific Works. (Georgian) Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi, 1961.
  • I. Vekua. Academician N. Muskhelishvili. Short Biography and Survey of Scientific Works.(Georgian) Metniereba, Tbilisi, 1991, 60 pp.
  • I. Vekua. Academician N. Muskhelishvili. Short Biography and Survey of Scientific Works.(Russian) Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 1991.
  • I. Vekua. Academician N. Muskhelishvili. Short Biography and Survey of Scientific Works. Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 1991.
  • G. K. Mikhailov, J.R.M. Radok. On N.I. Muskhelishvili's place in the world of science and mathematics. Proc. of the Intern.Sympos. Dedic. to the Cent.of Academ. N. Muskhelishvili. Tbilisi, Rep.of Georgia, June 6–11, 1991.
  • B. Khvedelidze, G. Manjavidze. A. Survey of N.I. Muskhelishvili's scientific heritage. Proc. of the Intern.Sympos. Dedic.to the Centenary of Acad. N. Muskhelishvili. Tbilisi, Rep. of Georgia, 6–11 June 1991.
  • Muskhelishvili, Mikola Ivanovich. (Ukrainian) Ukr.rad.enc.9(1962), 441.

See also

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