Nine Wells

Nine Wells
Site of Special Scientific Interest
Location within Cambridgeshire
Area of Search Cambridgeshire
Grid reference TL462543
Coordinates 52°09′58″N 0°08′06″E / 52.166°N 0.1349°E / 52.166; 0.1349Coordinates: 52°09′58″N 0°08′06″E / 52.166°N 0.1349°E / 52.166; 0.1349
Interest Biological
Area 1.2 hectares (3.0 acres)
Notification 1952 (1952)

Nine Wells Local Nature Reserve is a small forest patch where multiple springs issue from the base of a chalk hill in Cambridgeshire, England. These springs feed Hobson's Conduit, the watercourse that was built between 1610 and 1614 by Thomas Hobson and other benefactors to bring fresh water into the city of Cambridge.[1][2] It is south of Addenbrooke's Hospital and east of the railway line and the genome cycle track(52°09′58″N 0°08′06″E / 52.166°N 0.1349°E / 52.166; 0.1349 (Hobson Conduit (spring at Nine Wells))), near the village of Great Shelford.

Overview

Nine Wells was created a Local Nature Reserve in 2005 and is owned by the Cambridge City Council.[1]

This is a small reserve measuring just 225 by 75 metres with a protected area of 1.2ha surrounded by agricultural land. There are four main springheads linked by stream channels, as well as innumerable minor fissures, that issue water at a constant 10.2 °C.[2]

History

In 1265 a defensive channel known as 'the king's ditch' was excavated around the city of Cambridge. By the early 17th century this ditch had become an open sewer. In 1574 Andrew Perne DD, Master of Peterhouse, thought of constructing a channel to bring water to the ditch. Hobson's Conduit, constructed from 1610, used the natural springs at Nine Wells to create a flow of water to the city and flush the kings ditch. This was not only successful in sanitising the city but it became the principal water supply for Cambridge for over 250 years. Water continues to flow into the city and waters the lake in the Botanic Gardens.

Plant species

Sweet violets at Nine Wells, April 2016

The dominant trees here are beech which were originally planted for firewood but have a detrimental affect on the watercourses: an acidic acid leaf fall in autumn is causing heavy silting and a change in oxygen levels. The hedgerow that encloses the reserve was planted following the Enclosures Act of 1834 and comprises native species like hawthorn, spindle and field maple. A survey determined that 108 plant species grow here and the area contains numerous mature ash trees as well as blackthorn. Scented sweet violets (Viola odorata) and bluebells bloom there early in the year, and later there are cowslips and deadly nightshade.[2]

Aquatic wildlife

It was created a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest because a range of relic aquatic invertebrates bred here. The flatworms Planaria cornuta and P. alpina were found here and had survived from the last glacial period. Another relic species was a trichopteran (caddisfly), Agapetus fuscipes.[3] However the drought of 1976 together with increased water abstraction caused some extinctions and Nine Wells lost its SSSI status.[4] Efforts are being made to recreate conditions favourable to re-establishing a richer invertebrate fauna again, however there is a great deal of new building going on in the area so this special little habitat patch is potentially under threat. According to the information boards within the reserve, active management is needed to keep the steams suitable for bullhead fish to thrive and this is important as they provide food for kingfishers. Falling beech leaves need to be cleared from the streams to stop the water from becoming too acidic.

Terrestrial Species

These woods are home to species including chaffinch, robin, yellowhammer, blackbird and, during the summer, chiffchaff. The site is an important refuge for birds, with Sparrowhawk (Accipitier nisus), Green Woodpecker (Picus viridis), Long Tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus), Bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) and Redwing (Turdus iliacus) recorded as well as a good variety of small species. This is also a good site for butterflies including peacocks and brimstones.

Monument

Within the Reserve there is a monument to Hobson's Conduit which was erected in 1861 by public subscription and records the benefactors to the water course and conduit as:

Gallery

References

  1. 1 2 Nine Wells Local Nature Reserve
  2. 1 2 3 "Nine Wells LNR Management Plan" (PDF). lnr.cambridge.gov.uk. UK. 2014.
  3. ↑ correspondence with Dr. Nigel Russell, Lead Conservation Adviser, Cambridgeshire Land Management Team, Natural England, Nov 2015
  4. ↑ Natural England notes

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Tuesday, April 19, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.