Thubten Choekyi Nyima, 9th Panchen Lama

Thubten Chökyi Nyima, the 9th Panchen Lama
The Republic of China awarded Panchen Lama the Guarding the National Master

Thubten Choekyi Nyima (Tibetan: ཐུབ་བསྟན་ཆོས་ཀྱི་ཉི་མ་, Wylie: Thub-bstan Chos-kyi Nyi-ma, ZYPY: Tubdain Qoigyi Nyima ) (1883–1937), often referred to as Choekyi Nyima, was the ninth Panchen Lama of Tibet.

In 1901, Choekyi Nyima was visited by the Mongolian Lama, Agvan Dorzhiev. Although he only stayed for two days at Tashilhunpo, Dorzhiev received some secret teachings from the Panchen Lama, as well as readings of the Prayer of Shambhala, written by Lobsang Palden Yeshe, the sixth (or third) Panchen Lama, concerning the Buddhist kingdom of Shambhala, which were of great importance to Dorzhiev's developing understanding of the Kalachakra ('Wheel of Time') tantric teachings. Choekyi Nyima also gave Dorzhiev gifts including some golden statues.[1]

In 1906, Sir Charles Alfred Bell, was invited to visit the 9th Panchen Lama at Tashilhunpo, where they had friendly discussions on the political situation.[2]

He fled to Inner Mongolia, China in 1924 after a dispute with the thirteenth Dalai Lama when he sensed that he might face threat after his own monastery’s monks were prohibited from holding any office in the Central Tibetan government and his officials were locked up in Lhasa.[3][4] Among the Mongols, the 9th Panchen Lama became a well liked figure.[5] At the same time, study of documents did not confirm widespread claims that rebellions in the 1930s Mongolia were inspired or supported by the 9th Panchen Lama[6] The Dalai Lama was attempting to collect revenue from the Panchen Lama's estate to cover a fourth of Tibet's military expenses, and to reduce the power of the Panchen Lama, who at the time enjoyed rule over an effectively autonomous region around Shigatse.[7]

In China, the ninth Panchen Lama worked on plans to develop Tibet along modern lines.[8] He also held a position in the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission.

The Panchen Lama was considered extremely "pro Chinese", according to official Chinese sources.[9][10][11]

Choekyi adopted the ideas of Sun Yatsen like the Kham revolutionary Pandatsang Rapga.[12] It has been suggested he read the works of Sun Yatsen which were translated by Rapga.[13]

In 1936, a team of monks from Lhasa were on the way to north-eastern Tibet to search for the new reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama, who had died in 1933. First, because of the historical close relationship between the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama, they visited the Panchen Lama in Kham, eastern Tibet, to seek his advice. He was staying in Jyekundo, a district of eastern Kham that had been annexed from Tibetan government control by the Chinese 'during their invasion'.[14] The Panchen Lama, being under Chinese power, was being held up there in his attempt to return to Central Tibet due to Chinese interference and insistence that he must be accompanied by a force of 500 armed Chinese soldiers;[15] naturally this condition was not at all acceptable to the Tibetan Government in Lhasa. While negotiations were going on between the Lhasa Government, the Panchen Lama and the Chinese authorities about this escort issue, he was stuck in Jyekundo.[16] He had therefore been busy investigating reports of unusual children born in the area, who might be the reincarnation of the 13th Dalai Lama; the deep spiritual link between the two Lamas had never wavered despite apparent political difficulties and attempted Chinese interference.[17]

In fact, when the search team arrived to see him, the Panchen Lama had already identified three potential candidates.[14] He gave their details to the search party leader, Kewtsang Rinpoche, who then investigated further. One of these three candidates was already dead and another ran away crying when shown the objects belonging to the late Dalai Lama.[14] The third candidate, who lived in Tagster, was characterised as 'fearless' and he was indeed found to be the true incarnation. Thus, it was this Panchen Lama Thubten Chökyi Nyima who first discovered and identified the 14th Dalai Lama.[18][17]

In 1937, the Panchen Lama died in Gyêgu (Tibetan: Jyekundo; Chinese: Yushu) in Qinghai Province without being able to return to Tsang.[17][19][20][21]

The tombs of the fifth through the ninth Panchen Lamas were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution and have been rebuilt by the tenth Panchen Lama with a huge tomb at Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse, known as the Tashi Langyar.[22]

Notes

  1. ↑ Snelling 1993, pg. 77
  2. ↑ Chapman 1940, pg. 141
  3. ↑ Tuttle 2006
  4. ↑ China Tibetology. Office for the Journal China Tibetology. 2006. p. 16.
  5. ↑ Znamenski, Andrei (2011). Red Shambhala: Magic, Prophecy, and Geopolitics in the Heart of Asia (illustrated ed.). Quest Books. p. 35. ISBN 0835608913. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
  6. ↑ Kuzmin S. The Activity of the 9th Panchen Lama in Inner Mongolia and Manchuria. – Far Eastern Affairs, no 1, 2014, pp. 123-137
  7. ↑ Powers 2004, pg. 99
  8. ↑ Jagou, pp. 156-159, 206-208
  9. ↑ Chinese Materials Center (1982). Who's who in China, 1918-1950: 1931-1950. Volume 3 of Who's who in China, 1918-1950: With an Index, Jerome Cavanaugh. Chinese Materials Center. p. 194. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  10. ↑ The China weekly review, Volume 54. Millard Publishing House. 1930. p. 406. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  11. ↑ China monthly review, Volume 56. Millard Publishing Co., inc. 1931. p. 306. Retrieved 2011-06-05.
  12. ↑ Gray Tuttle (2007). Tibetan Buddhists in the Making of Modern China (illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. p. 153. ISBN 0-231-13447-9.
  13. ↑ Gray Tuttle (2007). Tibetan Buddhists in the Making of Modern China (illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press. p. 152. ISBN 0-231-13447-9. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
  14. 1 2 3 Bell 1946, p.397
  15. ↑ Shakabpa 1984, pp.280-283
  16. ↑ Richardson 1984, pp.143-146
  17. 1 2 3 Laird 2006, p.265
  18. ↑ Bell 1946, p.398
  19. ↑ Shakabpa 1984, p.283
  20. ↑ Bell 1946, p.365
  21. ↑ Richardson 1984, p.146
  22. ↑ Mayhew 2005, pg. 175.

See also

References

Preceded by
Tenpe Wangchuk		 Reincarnation of the Panchen Lama Succeeded by
Choekyi Gyaltsen
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Wednesday, April 06, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.