Nitrite reductase (NO-forming)

nitrite reductase (NO-forming)
Identifiers
EC number	1.7.2.1
CAS number	37256-41-0
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / EGO
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

In enzymology, a nitrite reductase (NO-forming) (EC 1.7.2.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

nitric oxide + H₂O + ferricytochrome c ⇌ nitrite + ferrocytochrome c + 2 H⁺

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are nitric oxide, H₂O, and ferricytochrome c, whereas its 3 products are nitrite, ferrocytochrome c, and H⁺.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors with a cytochrome as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is nitric-oxide:ferricytochrome-c oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include cd-cytochrome nitrite reductase, [nitrite reductase (cytochrome)] [misleading, see comments.], cytochrome c-551:O2, NO2+ oxidoreductase, cytochrome cd, cytochrome cd1, hydroxylamine (acceptor) reductase, methyl viologen-nitrite reductase, nitrite reductase (cytochrome, and NO-forming). This enzyme participates in nitrogen metabolism. It has 3 cofactors: FAD, Iron, and Copper.

Structural studies

As of late 2007, 20 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1RZP, 1RZQ, 1SJM, 1SNR, 1ZDQ, 1ZDS, 1ZV2, 2A3T, 2AVF, 2B08, 2BW4, 2BW5, 2BWD, 2BWI, 2DV6, 2DWS, 2DWT, 2DY2, 2FJS, and 2JFC.

References

• Miyata M, Mori T. "Studies on denitrification. X. The "denitrifying enzyme" as a nitrite reductase and the electron donating system for denitrification". J. (Tokyo). Biochem. (4): 463–471. PMID 5354021.
• CHUNG CW, NAJJAR VA (1956). "Cofactor requirements for enzymatic denitrification. I. Nitrite reductase". J. Biol. Chem. 218 (2): 617–625. PMID 13295215.
• Walker GC and Nicholas DJD (1961). "Nitrite reductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 49 (2): 350–360. doi:10.1016/0006-3002(61)90134-2. PMID 13782716.
• Singh J (1974). "Cytochrome oxidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. III. Reduction of hydroxylamine". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 333 (1): 28–36. doi:10.1016/0005-2728(74)90159-5. PMID 19396990.
• Michalski WP and Nicholas DJD (1985). "Molecular characterization of a copper-containing nitrite reductase from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeriodes forma sp. Denitrificans". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 828 (2): 130–137. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(85)90048-2.
• J; Turley, S; Teller, DC; Adman, ET; Liu, MY; Payne, WJ; Legall, J (1991). "The 2.3 angstrom X-ray structure of nitrite reductase from Achromobacter cycloclastes". Science. 253 (5018): 438–442. doi:10.1126/science.1862344. PMID 1862344.
• SJ, Radford SE, Hajdu J (1995). "Pseudospecific docking surfaces on electron transfer proteins as illustrated by pseudoazurin, cytochrome c550 and cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase". Nat. Struct. Biol. 2 (11): 975–982. doi:10.1038/nsb1195-975. PMID 7583671.
• B, Kroneck PM; Vollack, KU; Zumft, WG; Eisenmann, E; Siddiqui, RA; Friedrich, B; Kroneck, PM (1996). "Characterization of the membranous denitrification enzymes nitrite reductase (cytochrome cd1) and copper-containing nitrous oxide reductase from Thiobacillus denitrificans". Arch. Microbiol. 165 (1): 55–61. doi:10.1007/s002030050296. PMID 8639023.
• Zumft WG (1997). "Cell biology and molecular basis of denitrification". Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 61 (4): 533–616. PMC 232623. PMID 9409151.
• Ferguson SJ (1998). "Nitrogen cycle enzymology". Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 2 (2): 182–193. doi:10.1016/S1367-5931(98)80059-8. PMID 9667932.
• Vijgenboom E, Busch JE, Canters GW. "In vivo studies disprove an obligatory role of azurin in denitrification in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and show that azu expression is under control of rpoS and ANR". Microbiology. 143 (9): 2853–2863. doi:10.1099/00221287-143-9-2853. PMID 9308169.