Non-autonomous system (mathematics)
In mathematics, an autonomous system is a dynamic equation on a smooth manifold. A non-autonomous system is a dynamic equation on a smooth fiber bundle over
. For instance, this is the case of non-autonomous mechanics.
An r-order differential equation on a fiber bundle is represented by a closed subbundle of a jet bundle
of
. A dynamic equation on
is a differential equation which is algebraically solved for a higher-order derivatives.
In particular, a first-order dynamic equation on a fiber bundle is a kernel of the covariant differential of some connection
on
. Given bundle coordinates
on
and the adapted coordinates
on a first-order jet manifold
, a first-order dynamic equation reads
For instance, this is the case of Hamiltonian non-autonomous mechanics.
A second-order dynamic equation
on is defined as a holonomic
connection
on a jet bundle
. This
equation also is represented by a connection on an affine jet bundle
. Due to the canonical
imbedding
, it is equivalent to a geodesic equation
on the tangent bundle
of
. A free motion equation in non-autonomous mechanics exemplifies a second-order non-autonomous dynamic equation.
References
- De Leon, M., Rodrigues, P., Methods of Differential Geometry in Analytical Mechanics (North Holland, 1989).
- Giachetta, G., Mangiarotti, L., Sardanashvily, G., Geometric Formulation of Classical and Quantum Mechanics (World Scientific, 2010) ISBN 981-4313-72-6 (arXiv: 0911.0411).
See also
- Autonomous system (mathematics)
- Non-autonomous mechanics
- Free motion equation
- Relativistic system (mathematics)