Northern Cross (asterism)

Northern Cross, shown in bold green

The Northern Cross is a prominent astronomical asterism in the northern hemisphere celestial sphere, corresponding closely with the constellation Cygnus The Swan. It is much larger than the more famous Southern Cross and consists of the brightest stars in Cygnus, Deneb, Sadr, Gienah, Delta Cygni and Albireo. The 'head' of the cross, Deneb, is also part of the Summer Triangle asterism.

Like the Summer Triangle, the Northern Cross is a prominent indicator of the seasons. Near midnight, the Cross lies virtually overhead at mid-northern latitudes during the summer months, it can also be seen during spring in the early morning to the East. In the autumn the cross is visible in the evening to the West until November. It never dips below the horizon at or above 45° north latitude, just grazing the northern horizon at its lowest point at such locations as Minneapolis, Montréal and Turin. From the southern hemisphere it appears upside down and low in the sky during the winter months .

In the 17th-century, German celestial cartographer Johann Bayer's star atlas the Uranometria, Alpha, Beta and Gamma Cygni form the pole of a cross, while Delta and Epsilon form the cross beam. The variable star P Cygni was then considered to be the body of Christ.^[1]

The stars of the Northern Cross

Name	Bayer designation	Apparent magnitude	Luminosity (× solar)	Spectral type	Distance (light years)
Deneb	α Cygni	1.25	7000	A2	3230
Gienah	ε Cygni	0.03	52	K0III-IV	72
Delta Cygni	δ Cygni	2.87	76	B9 III + F1 V	170
Sadr	γ Cygni	-2.45	33	F8 Iab	16.6
Albireo	β Cygni	-2.45	1,200	K2II	430

See also

• Summer Triangle
• Big Dipper
• Great Diamond
• Winter Triangle
• Winter Hexagon
• Heavenly Market enclosure

References

1. Wagman, Morton (2003). Lost Stars: Lost, Missing and Troublesome Stars from the Catalogues of Johannes Bayer, Nicholas Louis de Lacaille, John Flamsteed, and Sundry Others. Blacksburg, Virginia: The McDonald & Woodward Publishing Company. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-939923-78-6.

External links

• http://earthsky.org/favorite-star-patterns/the-northern-cross-backbone-of-the-milky-way
• http://www.seiyaku.com/customs/crosses/northern.html