Nuctenea umbratica

Nuctenea umbratica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Family:	Araneidae
Genus:	Nuctenea
Species:	N. umbratica
Binomial name
Nuctenea umbratica (Clerck, 1757)
Synonyms
Araneus umbraticus Aranea sexpunctata Aranea swammerdamii Aranea cicatricosa Epeira umbraticola Aranea impressa Aranea cicatricosa Aranea umbratica Aranea umbraticola Aranea litterata Epeira umbratica Epeira cinerea Epeira thomisoides Chinestela umbratica Cathaistela umbratica

The Walnut Orb-weaver Spider (Nuctenea umbratica) is a spider of the Araneidae family.

Name

The species name umbratica means "living in the shadows" in Latin.

Description

♂

The walnut orb-weaver spider is very wide and flattened, with a leathery skin. Its color ranges from red brown and grey brown to black with a dark, yellowish to yellow-greenish leaf-like fleckled marking on its opisthosoma, where small dents are visible. These are the onsets of muscles that flatten the abdomen.

Female N. umbratica can reach up to 15 mm in size, the males grow only up to 8 mm.

The spider hides during the day outside of buildings in wall crevices, or under loose bark. They are very common in Central Europe; females occur all year long, while males appear mostly during summer. This spider has a flattened body, helping it to secrete itself in cracks and crevices. Walnut orb-weaving spiders are capable of concealing themselves in very confined spaces. This tends to act as a defensive advantage and increases the amount of locations an orb-web can be effectively constructed.

In the evening the spider constructs an orb-web that can be up to 70 cm in diameter. A signaling thread leads from the web to her hiding place. After dusk she sits in the web's center.

This spider is capable of biting humans, causing itchiness and a burning sensation followed by a red patch with white lumps.

Distribution and subspecies

• Nuctenea umbratica (Clerck, 1757) — Europe to Azerbaijan
• Nuctenea umbratica nigricans (Franganillo, 1909) — Portugal
• Nuctenea umbratica obscura (Franganillo, 1909) — Portugal

References

• Levi, Herbert Walter: The orb-weaver genera Araniella und Nuctenea (Araneae: Araneidae). in: Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, vol. 146, no. 6, Cambridge 1974. ISSN 0027-4100

External links

• Platnick, Norman I. (2008): The world spider catalog, version 9.0. American Museum of Natural History.