Nutuk
Background (Calligraphy): حاكميت ملتكدر Hakimiyet Milletindir means "Sovereignty Belongs to the Nation”
The Nutuk (Modern Turkish: Söylev; Speech) was a speech delivered by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk from 15 to 20 October 1927, at the second congress of Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi. The speech covered the events between the start of the Turkish War of Independence on May 19, 1919, and the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, in 1923. It is an important source for the study of Kemalism. It took thirty-six hours (on a 6 day span) to be read by Atatürk. Scholars have since identified the Speech as the foundation and model followed by Turkish historians for the official historiography of the Turkish Republic.[1][2]
About two-thirds of this speech consists of a series of heavy criticism against the following individuals: Kazım Kara Bekir Pasha, Rauf Bey (Orbay), Refet Pasha (Bele), Mersinli Cemal Pasha (Mersinli), Nureddin Pasha, Kara Vasıf Bey (Karakol), Zeki Bey (Kadirbeyoğlu), Celaleddin Arif Bey, Cafer Tayyar Pasha (Eğilmez), Ali Ihsan Pasha (Sâbis), Bekir Sami Bey (Kunduh), Rıza Nur Bey, Edhem Bey and his brothers, Selahaddin Bey (Köseoğlu), Hussein Avni Bey (Ulaş), Ali Rıza Pasha, Şerif Pasha, Ahmet Izzet Pasha (Furgaç), and Çürüksulu Mahmud Pasha.
Notes
- ↑ Zürcher, Eric J. Turkey: A Modern History, 3rd. ed. London: I.B. Tauris, 2004, p. 175.
- ↑ Göçek, Fatma Müge. "Defining the Parameters of a Post-Nationalist Turkish Historiography through the Case of the Anatolian Armenians," in Turkey Beyond Nationalism: Towards Post-Nationalist Identities, ed. Hans-Lukas Kieser. London: I.B. Tauris, 2006, pp. 88-89.