Swimming at the Summer Olympics

Swimming at the Summer Olympics

Governing body	FINA
Events	34 (men: 17; women: 17)
Games
1896 1900 1904 1908 1912 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016
Medalists men women Records

Swimming has been a sport at every modern Summer Olympics. It has been open to women since 1912. Along with track & field athletics and gymnastics, it is one of the most popular spectator sports at the Games. Swimming has the second largest number of events (after Athletics).

Men's events

Event	96	00	04	08	12	20	24	28	32	36	48	52	56	60	64	68	72	76	80	84	88	92	96	00	04	08	12	16	Years
Current program
50 metre freestyle			X^[1]																		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	9
100 metre freestyle	X		X^[1]	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	27
200 metre freestyle		X	X^[1]													X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	14
400 metre freestyle			X^[1]	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	26
1500 metre freestyle			X^[1]	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	26
100 metre backstroke			X^[1]	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X		X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	25
200 metre backstroke		X													X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	15
100 metre breaststroke																X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	13
200 metre breaststroke				X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	25
100 metre butterfly																X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	12
200 metre butterfly													X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	16
200 metre individual medley																X	X			X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	11
400 metre individual medley															X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	14
4 × 100 metre freestyle relay															X	X	X			X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	12
4 × 200 metre freestyle relay				X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	25
4 × 100 metre medley relay														X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	15
Marathon 10 km																										X	X	X	3
Past events
500 metre freestyle	X																												1
880 yard freestyle			X^[1]																										1
1000 metre freestyle		X																											1
1200 metre freestyle	X																												1
4000 metre freestyle		X																											1
400 metre breaststroke			X^[1]		X	X																							3
4 × 50 yard freestyle relay			X^[1]																										1
200 metre team swimming		X																											1
200 metre obstacle event		X																											1
Underwater swimming		X																											1
100 metre freestyle for sailors	X																												1
Events	4	7	9	6	7	7	6	6	6	6	6	6	7	8	10	15	15	13	13	15	16	16	16	16	16	17	17	17

Women's events

Event	12	20	24	28	32	36	48	52	56	60	64	68	72	76	80	84	88	92	96	00	04	08	12	16	Years
50 metre freestyle																	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	8
100 metre freestyle	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	24
200 metre freestyle												X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	13
400 metre freestyle		X^[2]	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	23
800 metre freestyle												X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	13
100 metre backstroke			X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	22
200 metre backstroke												X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	13
100 metre breaststroke												X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	13
200 metre breaststroke			X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	22
100 metre butterfly									X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	16
200 metre butterfly												X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	13
200 metre individual medley												X	X			X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	11
400 metre individual medley											X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	14
4 × 100 metre freestyle relay	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	24
4 × 200 metre freestyle relay																			X	X	X	X	X	X	6
4 × 100 metre medley relay										X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	15
Marathon 10 km																						X	X	X	3
Events	2	3	5	5	5	5	5	5	6	7	8	14	14	13	13	14	15	15	16	16	16	17	17	17

Olympic records

Main article: List of Olympic records in swimming

The International Olympic Committee recognise the best performances in all 32 current pool-based swimming events at the Games as Olympic records.

Medal table

Updated after 2012 Summer Olympics

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	United States (USA)	230	164	126	520
2	Australia (AUS)	57	60	61	178
3	East Germany (GDR)	38	32	22	92
4	Hungary (HUN)	25	23	18	66
5	Japan (JPN)	20	24	29	73
6	Netherlands (NED)	19	18	19	56
7	Great Britain (GBR)	15	22	30	67
8	Germany (GER)	13	18	28	59
9	Soviet Union (URS)	12	21	26	59
10	China (CHN)	12	17	8	37
11	Sweden (SWE)	8	14	13	35
12	France (FRA)	8	13	19	40
13	Canada (CAN)	7	14	21	42
14	South Africa (RSA)	6	3	6	15
15	Unified Team (EUN)	6	3	1	10
16	Russia (RUS)	5	7	7	19
17	Ukraine (UKR)	4	5	1	10
18	Italy (ITA)	4	4	9	17
19	West Germany (FRG)	3	5	14	22
20	Romania (ROU)	3	2	4	9
21	Ireland (IRL)	3	0	1	4
22	Denmark (DEN)	2	5	5	12
23	Zimbabwe (ZIM)	2	4	1	7
24	Australasia (ANZ)	2	3	3	8
25	New Zealand (NZL)	2	1	3	6
26	Tunisia (TUN)	2	0	1	3
27	Austria (AUT)	1	6	4	11
28	United Team of Germany (EUA)	1	5	6	12
29	Brazil (BRA)	1	4	8	13
30	Greece (GRE)	1	3	3	7
31	Poland (POL)	1	3	2	6
32	South Korea (KOR)	1	3	0	4
33	Spain (ESP)	1	2	3	6
34	Belgium (BEL)	1	1	2	4
34	Costa Rica (CRC)	1	1	2	4
36	Argentina (ARG)	1	1	1	3
36	Bulgaria (BUL)	1	1	1	3
38	Yugoslavia (YUG)	1	1	0	2
39	Suriname (SUR)	1	0	1	2
39	Mexico (MEX)	1	0	1	2
41	Lithuania (LTU)	1	0	0	1
42	Belarus (BLR)	0	2	0	2
42	Slovakia (SVK)	0	2	0	2
44	Finland (FIN)	0	1	3	4
45	Cuba (CUB)	0	1	1	2
45	Norway (NOR)	0	1	1	2
47	Croatia (CRO)	0	1	0	1
	Serbia (SRB)	0	1	0	1
	Slovenia (SLO)	0	1	0	1
50	Philippines (PHI)	0	0	2	2
51	Switzerland (SUI)	0	0	1	1
	Trinidad and Tobago (TRI)	0	0	1	1
	Venezuela (VEN)	0	0	1	1
Total		522	519	521	1562

Nations

Nation	96	00	04	08	12	20	24	28	32	36	48	52	56	60	64	68	72	76	80	84	88	92	96	00	04	08	12	16	Years
Argentina (ARG)							4	4																					22
Australasia (ANZ)				5	9																								2
Australia (AUS)		1				6	5	5																					22
Austria (AUT)	2	3	1	1	8			3																					25
Belgium (BEL)		1		7	5	12	6	5																					24
Brazil (BRA)						2																				25			19
Canada (CAN)				1	1	3	2	6																					23
Chile (CHI)								4																					23
Czechoslovakia (TCH)						4	9	1																					17
Denmark (DEN)		1		5	1		4	5																					23
East Germany (GDR)																													5
Estonia (EST)										1												4	1	4	6	9			6
Finland (FIN)				3	6	1	2	1																					23
France (FRA)		47		4	3	13	20	13																					24
Germany (GER)		6	4	5	17			19																					13
Great Britain (GBR)		7		25	18	18	26	21	15	22	32	26	22	32	33	27	36	40	32	44	31	28	39	32	37	24			24
Greece (GRE)	15				1		1																						22
Hungary (HUN)	1	1	2	10	8		6	8																					25
Ireland (IRL)								2																					23
Italy (ITA)		2		4	2	4	6	5																					24
Japan (JPN)						2	6	10																					19
Latvia (LAT)																						1	4	4	5	2			5
Lithuania (LTU)																						2	8	6	10	9	4		6
Luxembourg (LUX)						2	4	3																					21
Netherlands (NED)		4		7		4	12	14																					23
New Zealand (NZL)						1	1	4																					20
Norway (NOR)					5	2	1	1
Panama (PAN)								1																					23
Philippines (PHI)								2																					23
Poland (POL)								2																					23
Portugal (POR)							1																						22
Puerto Rico (PUR)																		12	X	5	3	6	7	3	6	4
Russia (RUS)					4																								6
South Africa (RSA)					1	1		5																					16
Spain (ESP)						2	4	5													11	21	18	23	16	23			20
Sweden (SWE)		1		12	24	13	14	9												24	18	17	18	16	15	18			24
Switzerland (SUI)						4	2	1
Tunisia (TUN)																													9
Soviet Union (URS)																				X									9
United States (USA)	1	2	25	8	7	22	26	23										51	X	43	44	40	44	48	43	43			25
Yugoslavia (YUG)							6																						22

Nations	4	12	4	14	17	19	23	28					33	45	42	51	52	51	41	67	77	92
Swimmers	19	76	32	100	120	116	118	182					235	380	405	468	532	471	333	494	633	641
Year	96	00	04	08	12	20	24	28	32	36	48	52	56	60	64	68	72	76	80	84	88	92	96	00	04	08	12	16	26

Notable changes to the sport

Times have consistently dropped over the years due to better training techniques and new developments withinin the sport.

In the first four Olympics, competitions were not held in pools, but rather in open water (1896, the Mediterranean Sea; 1900, the Seine; 1904, an artificial lake; 1906, the Mediterranean). The 1904 Olympics' races were the only ones ever measured in yards, instead of the usual metres. A 100-metre pool was built for the 1908 Olympics and was located in the centre of the main stadium's track and field oval. The 1912 Olympics, held in the Stockholm harbour, marked the beginning of electrical timing.

Male swimmers wore full body swimsuits up until the 1940s, which caused more drag in the water than their modern swim-wear counterparts. Also, over the years, pool designs have lessened the drag. Some design considerations allow for the reduction of swimming resistance making the pool faster. Namely, proper pool depth, elimination of waves, elimination of currents, increased lane width, energy absorbing racing lane lines and gutters, and the use of other innovative hydraulic, acoustic, illumination, and swimwear designs.

The 1924 Olympics were the first to use the standard 50 metre pool with marked lanes. In the freestyle, swimmers originally dove from the pool walls, but diving blocks were incorporated starting at the 1936 Summer Olympics. The flip-turn was developed by the 1950s. Swimming goggles were first allowed in 1976.

The butterfly stroke events were not held until 1956. Previous rules permitted the butterfly stroke in breaststroke races. After 1956, when these rules were changed, butterfly became its own stroke entirely.

Women were first allowed the longer distance of 800 metres freestyle in 1968, which remains the longest distance for women. Up until then, women were considered to be too "delicate" to swim a race this long, even though the men had had the 1,500 metre freestyle from the very early years.

Both men and women were granted the 200 metre freestyle race in 1968, giving swimmers an intermediate distance race between 100 metres and 400 metres.

Women's teams were first granted the 800 metre freestyle relay race in 1996 - even though there had been a men's relay race at that distance since 1912. At six Olympiads, the men had two freestyle relay races, but the women only had one. Now, both sexes have two.

The medley relay races (4×100 metres) were not held for men or for women until 1960, but they have continued in every Olympiad since then.

Notes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Distances at the 1904 Olympics were measured in yards rather than metres. The 50 yard freestyle was 45.7 metres and the 100 yard freestyle and backstroke races were 91.4 metres. The 220, 440, and 880 yard freestyle races were 201, 402, and 804 metres, respectively. Instead of a 1500 metre race, there was a 1 mile race which made for 1609 metres. The 440 yard breaststroke, like the freestyle, was 402 metres. The relay, 4 × 50 yards, was 4 × 45.7 metres.
↑ In 1920, the women's event was 300 metres.

References

International Olympic Committee results database

External links

Swim Rankings results

Swimming at the Summer Olympics

	1896 1900 1904 (1906) 1908 1912 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1948 1952 1956 1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016

List of medalists men women List of Olympic records List of Olympic venues

Sports at the Olympic Games

Summer sports	Archery Athletics Badminton Basketball Beach volleyball Boxing Canoeing Cycling Diving Equestrian Fencing Field hockey Football Gymnastics Handball Judo Modern pentathlon Rowing Sailing Shooting Swimming Synchronized swimming Table tennis Taekwondo Tennis Triathlon Volleyball Water polo Weightlifting Wrestling

Winter sports	Alpine skiing Biathlon Bobsleigh Cross-country skiing Curling Figure skating Freestyle skiing Ice hockey Luge Nordic combined Short track speed skating Skeleton Ski jumping Snowboarding Speed skating

Past sports	Baseball Basque pelota Cricket Croquet Jeu de paume Lacrosse Military patrol Polo Rackets Roque Rugby union (15 a-side) Softball Tug of war Water motorsports

Future sports	Golf Rugby sevens

Demonstration sports	American football Australian football Bandy Bowling Budo Disabled skiing Gliding Glima Ice stock sport Korfball La canne Pesäpallo Roller hockey Savate Skijoring Sled dog racing Speed skiing Water skiing Winter pentathlon

Unofficial sports	Angling Art competitions Ballooning Boules Cannon shooting Cycle polo Fire fighting Gaelic football Hurling Kaatsen Kite flying Life saving Longue paume Motor racing Motorcycle racing Pigeon racing Wushu

See also: Paralympic sports

International swimming

Olympic Games World Championships Short Course Worlds Junior Worlds Masters Worlds World Cup Achievements by nation All-Africa Games Asian Games European Games Pacific Games Pan American Games Commonwealth Games Pan Pacific Championships Universiade Mediterranean Games Geography

Asia	AASF – Asian Championships

Africa	CANA – African Championships

Americas	UANA (AFC CCCAN CONSANAT USAS) – Caribbean Islands Championships Central American & Caribbean Championships South American Championships

Europe	LEN – European Championships European Short Course Championships European Junior Championships

Oceania	OSA – Oceania Championships

Fédération Internationale de Natation

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