Onoclea

Onoclea
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Pteridophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida /  Pteridopsida (disputed)
Order:	Polypodiales
(unranked):	Eupolypods II
Family:	Onocleaceae
Genus:	Onoclea L. 1753
Synonyms
Pentarhizidium Hayata 1928 Calypterium Bernh. 1802 Ragiopteris C.Presl 1836 Riedlea Mirb. 1802 Angiopteris Adans. 1763 (nom. illeg.)[1]

Onoclea is a genus of plants in the Onocleaceae family, native to moist habitats in eastern Asia and eastern North America. They are deciduous ferns with sterile fronds arising from creeping rhizomes in spring, dying down at first frost. Fertile fronds appear in late summer. Depending on the authority, the genus contains one to five species.^[2]

Onoclea species

Commonly accepted Onoclea species and their synonyms include:

• Onoclea sensibilis L. 1753 – Sensitive Fern (eastern Asia, eastern North America)^[3]

(=) Pterinodes sensibile (L.) Kuntze 1891

(=) Ragiopteris obtusilobata (Schkuhr) C.Presl 1836

(=) Ragiopteris onocleoides C. Presl 1836 (nom. nud.)

(=) Onoclea augescens Link 1841

(=) Onoclea obtusilobata Schkuhr 1809

(=) Riedlea sensibilis (L.) Mirb. 1803

(=) Calypterium sensibile (L.) Bernh. 1802

• Onoclea orientalis (Hook.) Hook. 1863 (eastern Asia)^[4][5]

(=) Pteretis orientalis Ching 1945

(=) Matteuccia japonica (Hayata) C.Chr. 1934

(=) Pentarhizidium japonicum Hayata 1928

(=) Pentarhizidium orientale (Hook.) Hayata 1928

(=) Matteuccia cavaleriana (H.Christ) C.Chr. 1906

(=) Struthiopteris cavaleriana H.Christ 1904

(=) Pterinodes orientalis (Hook.) Kuntze 1891

(=) Matteuccia orientalis (Hook.) Trevis. 1869

(=) Struthiopteris orientalis Hook. 1861

• Onoclea interrupta (Maxim.) Ching & P.C.Chiu 1974 (eastern Asia)^[6]

(=) Onoclea sensibilis var. interrupta Maxim. 1859

• Onoclea intermedia (C.Chr.) M. Kato, T. Suzuki & Nakato 1991^[7]

(=) Pentarhizidium intermedium (C.Chr.) Hayata 1928

(=) Matteuccia intermedia C.Chr. 1913

• Onoclea × glaciogena Wagner, Sm. & Pray 2008
• Onoclea hintonii (F.Ballard) Christenh. 2011 (southern Mexico, Guatemala)^[8][9]

(=) Onocleopsis hintonii F. Ballard 1945

The following phylogram show a likely relationship between the Onoclea species:^[10]

Onoclea	O. orientalis (Pentarhizidium orientale) O. intermedia (Pentarhizidium intermedium) O. struthiopteris (Matteuccia struthiopteris) O. hintonii (Onocleopsis hintonii) O. sensibilis var interrupta O. sensibilis var sensibilis

Transferred species

The following Onoclea species have been transferred to other genera as indicated below.

To Blechnaceae

• Onoclea attenuata Sw. 1801

= Blechnum attenuatum (Sw.) Mett. 1856

• Onoclea lineata (Sw.) Sw. 1802

= Blechnum lineatum (Sw.) C.Chr. 1905

• Onoclea spicant Hoffm. 1795

= Blechnum spicant (L.) Sm. 1793 – Deer fern (Europe, western North America)

• Onoclea boryana Sw. 1806

= Blechnum tabulare (Thunb.) Kuhn 1868

• Onoclea striatum Sw. Syn. Fil. 304, 422 1806

= Blechnum striatum (Sw.) C.Chr. 1905

• Onoclea polypodioides (Sw.) Sw. 1806 (nom. illeg.)

= Blechnum fragile (Liebm.) C.V.Morton & Lellinger 1967

• Onoclea nuda Labill. 1806

≈ Blechnum nudum (Labill.) Mett. ex Luerss. 1876

• Onoclea scandens Sw. 1806 (nom. illeg. superfl.)

= Stenochlaena palustris (Burm.f.) Bedd. 1876

• Onoclea myriothecaefolia Bory ex Willd. 1810

= Lomaria marattiifolia Desv. 1827

To Gleicheniaceae

• Onoclea polypodioides L. 1771

= Gleichenia polypodioides (L.) Sm. 1793 (Madagascar, South Africa)

≠ Gleichenia polypodioides (L.) Sw. 1891 (nom. illeg.)

To Polypodiaceae

• Onoclea spicata Sw. 1803

= Belvisia spicata (L. f.) Mirb. 1803

To other Onocleaceae

Note that some authors consider the genera of the Onocleaceae family to be so similar that they should remain under a single Onolcea genus.^[9]

• Onoclea struthiopteris (L.) Hoffm. 1795

= Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. 1866 – Ostrich fern

• Onoclea nodulosa Michx. 1803 (nom. superfl.)

= Matteuccia struthiopteris var. struthiopteris

• Onoclea pensylvanica (Willd.) Sm. 1819

= Matteuccia struthiopteris var. struthiopteris

References

1. Onolclea Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 30 Jan 2012
2. RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 1405332964.
3. O. sensibilis Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 30 Jan 2012
4. O. orientalis Flora of Taiwan Checklist at eFloras.org 30 Jan 2012
5. O. orientalis Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 30 Jan 2012
6. O. interrupta Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 30 Jan 2012
7. O. intermedia Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 30 Jan 2012
8. O. hintonii Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 30 Jan 2012
9. "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns", Phytotaxa 19: 21. 18 Feb 2011
10. Gastony (1997) Gerald J. Gastony & Mark C. Ungerer: "Molecular systematics and a revised taxonomy of the Onocleoid Ferns (Dryopteridaceae: Onoceeae)" American Journal of Botany 84(6): 840-849, 1997