Oobius agrili
| Oobius agrili | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Oobius agrili adult laying an egg within an emerald ash borer egg. | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Suborder: | Apocrita |
| Superfamily: | Chalcidoidea |
| Family: | Encyrtidae |
| Subfamily: | Encyrtinae |
| Genus: | Oobius |
| Species: | O. agrili |
| Binomial name | |
| Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang 2005[1] | |
Oobius agrili is a parasitic non-stinging wasp of family Encyrtidae which is native to North Asia. It is a parasitoid of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, family Buprestidae), an invasive species which has destroyed tens of millions of ash trees in its introduced range in North America. As part of the campaign against the emerald ash borer (EAB), American scientists in conjunction with the Chinese Academy of Forestry searched since 2003 for its natural enemies in the wild leading to the discovery of several parasitoid wasps, including Oobius agrili which is a solitary egg parasitoid of EAB on ash trees in Jilin province in 2004 and has been recorded to kill up to 60 percent of EAB eggs.[2]
Field studies were carried out in 2005 which revealed that Oobius agrili completes at least two generations per year. The peak period for parasitism was during July and August where egg parasitism rates were 56.3 percent and 61.5 percent, respectively. O. agrili is parthenogenic and has a sex ratio of 14.5:1 (female:male). O. agrili achieves synchrony with its host life cycle - part of the O. agrili larvae population in eggs of EAB undergoes diapause within the eggs during winter and emerges the following summer.[3]
The USDA carried out paired choice assays with eggs of six different native Agrilus species, two cerambycid beetles, and four lepidopterans. O. agrili ignored eggs of all other species except of three of the Agrilus species of egg size in the same range as that of EAB. O. agrili strongly preferred to oviposit in EAB eggs laid on ash than in eggs of other Agrilus species on their respective host plants. The selectivity shown by O. agrili has led to its being included in the biological control program for controlled releases in selected sites for further research.[4]
References
- ↑ Zhang, Y.Z.; Huang, D.W.; Zhao, T.H.; Liu, H.P.; Bauer, L.S. (2005). "Two new egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) of economic importance from China". Phytoparasitica 33: 253–260. doi:10.1007/bf02979863.
- ↑ Gould, Juli; Bauer, Leah, "Biological Control of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis)" (PDF), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) website (United States Department of Agriculture), retrieved 28 April 2011
- ↑ Bauer, L. S.; Liu, H-P. (2007). "Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae), a solitary egg parasitoid of emerald ash borer from China" (PDF). Proceedings of the 2006 Emerald Ash Borer Research and Technology Development Meeting (USDA Forest Service) (FHTET-2007-04): 63–64. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ↑ Bauer, L.S.; Liu, H-P; Miller, D.; Gould, J. (2008). "Developing a classical biological control program for Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an invasive ash pest in North America" (PDF). Newsletter of the Michigan Entomological Society 53 (3&4): 38–39. Retrieved 29 April 2011.