Orthobunyavirus
| Orthobunyavirus | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group V ((-)ssRNA) |
| Order: | Unassigned |
| Family: | Bunyaviridae |
| Genus: | Orthobunyavirus |
| Type species | |
| Bunyamwera virus | |
| Species | |
|
Acara virus | |
Orthobunyavirus is a genus of the Bunyaviridae family. There are currently ~170 viruses recognised in this genus. These have been assembled into 48 species and 19 serogroups.
The type species is Bunyamwera virus.
Epidemiology
The genus is most diverse in Africa, Australia and Oceania, but occurs almost world-wide. Most orthobunyavirus species are transmitted by gnats and cause diseases of cattle. The California encephalitis virus, the La Crosse virus and the Jamestown Canyon virus are North American species that cause encephalitis in humans.
Virology
- The type species is the Bunyamwera Virus.[2]
- The virus is spherical, diameter 80 nm to 120 nm, and comprises three single stranded RNA molecules encapsulated in a ribonucleocapsid.[3]
- The three RNAs are described as S, M and L (for Small, Medium and Large) and are circa 1kb (kilobases), 4.5kb and 6.5kb in length[4][5]
- The S RNA encodes the Nucleocapsid protein (N protein) and a non structural protein (NS Protein).[6]
- The M RNA encodes a polyprotein which is cleaved by host protease into Gn, NSm and Gc proteins.[7]
- The L RNA encodes the viral RNA dependent RNA Polymerase or L Protein[8]
Serogroups
The taxonomy remains somewhat fluid as relatively few viral genomes in this genus have been sequenced. Several of the viruses listed have been shown to be recombinants of other viruses and may be reclassified.
18 serogroups have been recognized on the basis of the results of cross-hemagglutination inhibition and antibody neutralization relationships. Another - Wyeomyia - has since been recognised. Several viruses have not yet been classified into one of the serogroups.
The Simbu serogroup is the largest and contains at least 25 members. There are at least 13 members in the Group C serogroup.
Medically important viruses belong to the Bwamba, Bunyamwera, California, Group C and Simbu serogroups.
Anopheles A serogroup
Anopheles A virus
Tacaiuma virus
Virgin River virus
Trombetas complex
- Arumateua virus
- Caraipé virus
- Trombetas virus
- Tucuruí virus
Anopheles B serogroup
Anopheles B virus
Boraceia virus
Bakau serogroup
Bakau virus
Nola virus
Bunyamwera serogroup
Birao virus
Bozo virus
Bunyamwera virus
Cache Valley virus
Fort Sherman virus
Germiston virus
Guaroa virus
Ilesha virus
Kairi virus
Main Drain virus
Northway virus
Playas virus
Potosi virus
Shokwe virus
Stanfield virus
Tensaw virus
Xingu virus
Batai complex
- Batai virus
- Čalovo virus
- Chittoor virus
Ngari complex
- Garissa virus
- KV-141 virus
- Ngari virus
Bwamba serogroup
Bwamba virus
Pongola virus
California serogroup
California encephalitis virus
Chatanga virus
Inkoo virus
Jamestown Canyon virus
Jerry Slough virus
Keystone virus
Khatanga virus
La Crosse virus
Lumbo virus
Melao virus
Morro Bay virus
San Angelo virus
Serra do Navio virus
Snowshoe hare virus
South River virus
Tahyna virus virus
Trivittatus virus
Capim serogroup
Acara virus
Benevides virus
Capim virus
Gamboa serogroup
Alajuela virus
Gamboa virus
Pueblo Viejo virus
San Juan virus
Group C serogroup
Bruconha virus
Ossa virus
Caraparu complex
- Apeu virus
- Bruconha virus
- Caraparu virus
- Vinces virus
Madrid complex
- Madrid virus
- Marituba complex
- Gumbo limbo virus
- Marituba virus
- Murutucu virus
- Nepuyo virus
- Restan virus
Oriboca complex
- Itaqui virus
- Oriboca virus
Guama serogroup
Bertioga virus
Bimiti virus
Cananeia virus
Guama virus
Guaratuba virus
Itimirim virus
Mirim virus
Koongol serogroup
Koongol virus
Wongal virus
Mapputta serogroup
Buffalo Creek virus
Mapputta virus
Maprik virus
Murrumbidgee virus
Salt Ash virus
Minatitlan serogroup
Minatitlan virus
Palestina virus
Nyando serogroup
Eretmapodites virus
Nyamdo virus
Olifanstlei serogroup
Botambi virus
Olifanstlei virus
Patois serogroup
Abras virus
Babahoyo virus
Pahayokee virus
Patois virus
Shark River virus
Simbu serogroup
Iquitos virus
Jatobal virus
Leanyer virus
Oropouche virus
Oya virus
Thimiri virus
Akabane serocomplex
- Akabane virus
- Tinaroo virus
Sathuperi serocomplex
- Douglas virus
- Sathuperi virus
Shuni serocomplex
- Aino virus
- Shuni virus
Shamonda serocomplex
- Peaton virus
- Shamonda virus
Simbu complex
- Schmallenberg virus
- Simbu virus
Tete serogroup
Batama virus
Tete virus
Turlock serogroup
M'Poko virus
Turlock virus
Umbre virus
Wyeomyia serogroup
Anhembi virus
Cachoeira Porteira virus
Iaco virus
Macaua virus
Sororoca virus
Taiassui virus
Tucunduba virus
Wyeomyia virus
Unclassified
Batama virus
Belmont virus
Enseada virus
Estero Real virus
Jurona virus
Kaeng Khei virus
Kowanyama virus
References
- ↑ Provisional name, discovered in 2011
- ↑ International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, Bunyaviridae
- ↑ Orthobunyavirus by ViralZone
- ↑ Richard J. Kascsak & Michael J. Lyons, (1971). Bunyamwera virus I. The molecular complexity of the virion RNA, Virology, Volume 82, Issue 1, 1 October 1977, Pages 37–47
- ↑ Orthobunyavirus by ViralZone
- ↑ Genbank: Bunyamwera virus segment S, complete sequence
- ↑ Orthobunyavirus by ViralZone
- ↑ Genbank: Bunyamwera virus L segment, complete sequence