Glossary of association football terms

This is a dynamic list. By nature, it may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
A man standing on one leg, with the knee of his other leg raised to waist height. A ball can be seen in midair, roughly 50cm above his knee.
A player performing keepie-uppie

Association football (more commonly known as football or soccer) was first codified in 1863 in England, although games that involved the kicking of a ball were evident considerably earlier.[1] A large number of football-related terms have since emerged to describe various aspects of the sport and its culture.

The evolution of the sport has been mirrored by changes in this terminology over time. For instance, the role of an inside forward in variants of a 2–3–5 formation has many parallels to that of an attacking midfielder, although the positions are nonetheless distinct.[2] Similarly, a 2–3–5 centre half can in many ways be compared to a holding midfielder in a 4–1–3–2.[3]

In many cases, multiple terms exist for the same concept. One reason for this is the progression of language over time. The sport itself, originally known as association football, is now more widely known by the shortened term football, or soccer, derived from the word association.[4] Other duplicate terms can be attributed to differences between varieties of English. In Europe, where British English is prevalent, the achievement of not conceding a goal for an entire match is known as a clean sheet.[5] In North America, where American and Canadian English dominate, the same achievement is referred to as a shutout.[6]

Occasionally the actions of an individual have made their way into common football parlance. Two notable examples are Diego Maradona's goals in Argentina's 1986 World Cup quarter-final win against England. After the match, Maradona described his first goal—a handball that the referee missed—as having been scored "a little bit by the hand of God, another bit by the head of Maradona".[7] His second goal was subsequently voted in a 2002 FIFA poll as the Goal of the century. Both phrases are now widely understood to refer to the goals in that match.[8]

Inclusion criteria

This glossary serves as a point of reference for terms which are commonly used within association football, and which have a sport-specific meaning. It seeks to avoid defining common English words and phrases that have no special meaning within football. Exceptions include cases where a word or phrase's use in the context of football might cause confusion to someone not familiar with the sport (such as clean sheet), or where it is fundamental to understanding the sport (such as goal). Entries on nicknames relating to specific players or teams are actively avoided. Other phrases without entries are specific clubs, rivalries, media organisations or works, unless the name also has a more general meaning within football, as is the case with El Clásico and Roy of the Rovers stuff.

0–9

A diagram showing 11 players. The goalkeeper is situated at the bottom. The other ten players form a triangle: four defenders in front of the goalkeeper followed by rows of three central midfielders, two attacking midfielders and one striker.
The 4–3–2–1 (Christmas Tree) formation, a variant of the 4–5–1.
For a more comprehensive list of formations, see Formation (association football).

A

Steven Gerrard wearing a football kit, about to strike a ball. On his forearm, he is wearing an armband; the letter "C" to represent "Captain" is visible.
Famous Liverpool Captain Steven Gerrard wearing an armband.

B

A player in midair. He is looking at the ball; his leg is moving upwards towards the ball, and looks as though it will strike the ball above and behind the player's head.
A player attempting a bicycle kick

C

A player standing by the corner flag, about to take a corner kick

D

The player in the centre is dribbling.

E

F

Thousands of people inside a football stadium, shouting and cheering
Fans of Racing Club de Avellaneda, supporting their team before a match
A player commits a foul by tripping her opponent
A player about to take a free kick

G

Several players standing near a goal, attempting to reach the ball. Some of them are not touching the ground, and do not appear to be completely in control of their bodies
A goalmouth scramble

H

A player wearing a striped shirt, with his head close to the ball. Two players in yellow shirts are in very close proximity; one is jumping and making physical contact with him.
A player being challenged by two defenders, attempting to make a header

I

An indoor football facility

J

K

A large, single-tiered end of a stadium.
The famous Kop at Anfield, home of Liverpool F.C.

L

A man dressed in black. He is stretching his right arm forwards, holding a red and yellow chequered flag.
A linesman holds up his flag

M

N

O

A man a red and black striped top.
One-club man Paolo Maldini appeared in more than 600 matches for AC Milan over 25 seasons.

P

A goalkeeper makes a save from a penalty kick
A large number of spectators running onto the field
A pitch invasion

R

A man holding up a red piece of card towards another man.
A referee issuing a red card to a player

S

Football boots with moulded studs at the bottom
A man holding a large electronic board above his head, displaying the number 2.
The fourth official indicates that a minimum of two minutes of stoppage time should be played

T

On the left is shape consisting of perfectly flat pentagons and hexagons. The hexagons are coloured white; the pentagons black. On the right is a football; it is of the same basic design, but the pentagons and hexagons are curved to form a smoother sphere.
A truncated icosahedron (left) compared to a telstar football.
Fans waving flags and unfurling a large green and blue banner behind a goal.
Seattle Sounders FC supporters displaying a tifo
UEFA defines a European Treble as the feat of winning all three seasonal club confederation competitions.[313]

U

A large number of supporters, waving flags, displaying banners and setting off flares.
Ultras in Poland

V

Vanishing spray in use
Noisy Vuvuzelas cause concern
Voice of America report on the impact of vuvuzelas at the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

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W

Six players standing in a line, being talked to by another man.
A referee ensuring a wall is correctly lined up

X

Y

Z

Contents :

See also

References

General
Specific
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