Oxatriquinane

Oxatriquinane
Names
IUPAC name
(2as,4as,6as)-Octahydro-1H-2a1-oxacyclopenta[cd]pentalen-2a1-ium
Identifiers
1056549-35-9 YesY
ChemSpider 21402960 N
Jmol interactive 3D Image
Properties
C9H15O
Molar mass 139.22 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Oxatriquinane is an alkyl oxonium ion with formula C
9
H
15
O+
, remarkable for being stable in aqueous solution. It has a cyclononane backbone, with the trivalent oxygen connected to carbons 1, 4, and 7, forming three fused pentagonal rings.

Oxatriquinane was first described in 2008, and was obtained after a five-step synthesis starting from cyclononatriene.[1][2][3] At the time it had the longest C–O bond lengths (1.54 Å, C–O bonds in ethers are generally ~1.43 Å) and most acute C−O−C angles ever observed in a compound.[1]

Oxonium ions normally are strong alkylating agents and are only observed in solution as reactive intermediates or under extreme conditions. Oxatriquinane does not react with boiling water or with alcohols, thiols, halide ions, or amines, although it does react with stronger nucleophiles such as hydroxide, cyanide, and azide.[1] The ability of the oxygen to enter into a fourth covalent bonding relationship has been of some theoretical interest and was achieved using carborane acid.[4]

Analogues

Related species include oxatriquinacene,[1] the tri-unsaturated analogue, which is of interest as a possible precursor to oxaacepentalene, a neutral aromatic species. 1,4,7-tri-tert-butyloxatriquinane has also been synthesised; this compound contains significant amounts of intramolecular steric strain, resulting in further bond elongation to give C–O bond lengths of 1.622 Å, the longest recorded in any species.[5]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Mark Mascal, Nema Hafezi, Nabin K. Meher, and James C. Fettinger (2008). "Oxatriquinane and Oxatriquinacene: Extraordinary Oxonium Ions". Journal of the American Chemical Society 130 (41): 13532–13533. doi:10.1021/ja805686u. PMID 18798616.
  2. Rachel Petkewich (September 29, 2008). "Taming Alkyl Oxonium Ions: Fused tricyclic structure stabilizes famously reactive alkylating agents". Chemical and Engineering News 86 (39): 10. doi:10.1021/cen-v086n039.p010.
  3. Tim Reid (3 October 2008). "Oxonium ions: Ring of stability". Nature Chemistry. doi:10.1038/nchem.70.
  4. Stoyanov, Evgenii S.; Gunbas, Gorkem; Hafezi, Nema; Mascal, Mark; Stoyanova, Irini V.; Tham, Fook S.; Reed, Christopher A. (11 January 2012). "The R3O+···H+ Hydrogen Bond: Toward a Tetracoordinate Oxadionium(2+) Ion". Journal of the American Chemical Society 134 (1): 707–714. doi:10.1021/ja209942s.
  5. Gunbas, Gorkem; Hafezi, Nema; Sheppard, William L.; Olmstead, Marilyn M.; Stoyanova, Irini V.; Tham, Fook S.; Meyer, Matthew P.; Mascal, Mark (18 November 2012). "Extreme oxatriquinanes and a record C–O bond length". Nature Chemistry 4 (12): 1018–1023. doi:10.1038/nchem.1502.
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