PIGF

Phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class F
Identifiers
Symbols	PIGF ; MGC32646; MGC33136
External IDs	OMIM: 600153 MGI: 99462 HomoloGene: 31103 GeneCards: PIGF Gene
EC number	2.7.8.1
Gene ontology Molecular function • ethanolaminephosphotransferase activity Cellular component • endoplasmic reticulum membrane • integral component of membrane Biological process • C-terminal protein lipidation • GPI anchor biosynthetic process • preassembly of GPI anchor in ER membrane • post-translational protein modification • cellular protein metabolic process Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	5281	18701
Ensembl	ENSG00000151665	ENSMUSG00000024145
UniProt	Q07326	O09101
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_002643	NM_008838
RefSeq (protein)	NP_002634	NP_032864
Location (UCSC)	Chr 2: 46.58 – 46.62 Mb	Chr 17: 87 – 87.03 Mb
PubMed search

Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class F protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PIGF gene.^[1][2][3]

Function

This gene encodes a protein that is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The GPI-anchor is a glycolipid which contains three mannose molecules in its core backbone. The GPI-anchor is found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. This protein and another GPI synthesis protein, PIGO, function in the transfer of ethanolaminephosphate (EtNP) to the third mannose in GPI. At least two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene.^[3]

See also

• VEGF

Model organisms

Model organisms have been used in the study of PIGF function. A conditional knockout mouse line called Pigf^{tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi} was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.^[4] Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen^[5] to determine the effects of deletion.^[6][7][8][9] Additional screens performed: - In-depth immunological phenotyping^[10]

Pigf knockout mouse phenotype

Characteristic	Phenotype
All data available at.[5][10]
Peripheral blood leukocytes 6 Weeks	Normal
Haematology 6 Weeks	Normal
Homozygous viability at P14	Abnormal
Recessive lethal study	Abnormal
Body weight	Normal
Neurological assessment	Normal
Grip strength	Normal
Dysmorphology	Normal
Indirect calorimetry	Normal
Glucose tolerance test	Normal
Auditory brainstem response	Normal
DEXA	Normal
Radiography	Normal
Eye morphology	Normal
Clinical chemistry	Normal
Haematology 16 Weeks	Normal
Peripheral blood leukocytes 16 Weeks	Normal
Heart weight	Normal
Salmonella infection	Normal
Cytotoxic T Cell Function	Normal
Spleen Immunophenotyping	Normal
Mesenteric Lymph Node Immunophenotyping	Normal
Bone Marrow Immunophenotyping	Normal
Epidermal Immune Composition	Normal
Trichuris Challenge	Normal

References

1. Ohishi K, Inoue N, Endo Y, Fujita T, Takeda J, Kinoshita T (Oct 1995). "Structure and chromosomal localization of the GPI-anchor synthesis gene PIGF and its pseudogene psi PIGF". Genomics 29 (3): 804–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9929. PMID 8575782.
2. Inoue N, Kinoshita T, Orii T, Takeda J (Apr 1993). "Cloning of a human gene, PIG-F, a component of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis, by a novel expression cloning strategy". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 268 (10): 6882–5. PMID 8463218.
3. "Entrez Gene: PIGF phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class F".
4. Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: high throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica 88: 925–7. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x.
5. "International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium".
6. Skarnes WC, Rosen B, West AP, Koutsourakis M, Bushell W, Iyer V, Mujica AO, Thomas M, Harrow J, Cox T, Jackson D, Severin J, Biggs P, Fu J, Nefedov M, de Jong PJ, Stewart AF, Bradley A (Jun 2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature 474 (7351): 337–42. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMC 3572410. PMID 21677750.
7. Dolgin E (Jun 2011). "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature 474 (7351): 262–3. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718.
8. Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (Jan 2007). "A mouse for all reasons". Cell 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247.
9. White JK, Gerdin AK, Karp NA, Ryder E, Buljan M, Bussell JN, Salisbury J, Clare S, Ingham NJ, Podrini C, Houghton R, Estabel J, Bottomley JR, Melvin DG, Sunter D, Adams NC, Tannahill D, Logan DW, Macarthur DG, Flint J, Mahajan VB, Tsang SH, Smyth I, Watt FM, Skarnes WC, Dougan G, Adams DJ, Ramirez-Solis R, Bradley A, Steel KP (Jul 2013). "Genome-wide generation and systematic phenotyping of knockout mice reveals new roles for many genes". Cell 154 (2): 452–64. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.022. PMC 3717207. PMID 23870131.
10. "Infection and Immunity Immunophenotyping (3i) Consortium".

Further reading

• Kinoshita T, Takahashi M, Inoue N, Miyata T, Takeda J (Feb 1994). "Expression cloning of genes for GPI-anchor biosynthesis". Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Médicas E Biológicas / Sociedade Brasileira De Biofísica ... [Et Al.] 27 (2): 127–32. PMID 8081220.
• Hong Y, Maeda Y, Watanabe R, Inoue N, Ohishi K, Kinoshita T (Jul 2000). "Requirement of PIG-F and PIG-O for transferring phosphoethanolamine to the third mannose in glycosylphosphatidylinositol". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 275 (27): 20911–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001913200. PMID 10781593.
• Shishioh N, Hong Y, Ohishi K, Ashida H, Maeda Y, Kinoshita T (Mar 2005). "GPI7 is the second partner of PIG-F and involved in modification of glycosylphosphatidylinositol". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 280 (10): 9728–34. doi:10.1074/jbc.M413755200. PMID 15632136.
• Li W, Shen W, Gill R, Corbly A, Jones B, Belagaje R, Zhang Y, Tang S, Chen Y, Zhai Y, Wang G, Wagle A, Hui K, Westmore M, Hanson J, Chen YF, Simons M, Singh J (May 2006). "High-resolution quantitative computed tomography demonstrating selective enhancement of medium-size collaterals by placental growth factor-1 in the mouse ischemic hindlimb". Circulation 113 (20): 2445–53. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.586818. PMID 16702473.
• Yano K, Liaw PC, Mullington JM, Shih SC, Okada H, Bodyak N, Kang PM, Toltl L, Belikoff B, Buras J, Simms BT, Mizgerd JP, Carmeliet P, Karumanchi SA, Aird WC (Jun 2006). "Vascular endothelial growth factor is an important determinant of sepsis morbidity and mortality". The Journal of Experimental Medicine 203 (6): 1447–58. doi:10.1084/jem.20060375. PMC 2118329. PMID 16702604.
• Zheng Y, Murakami M, Takahashi H, Yamauchi M, Kiba A, Yamaguchi S, Yabana N, Alitalo K, Shibuya M (Sep 2006). "Chimeric VEGF-E(NZ7)/PlGF promotes angiogenesis via VEGFR-2 without significant enhancement of vascular permeability and inflammation". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 26 (9): 2019–26. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000233336.53574.a1. PMID 16794222.
• Mohammed KA, Nasreen N, Tepper RS, Antony VB (Feb 2007). "Cyclic stretch induces PlGF expression in bronchial airway epithelial cells via nitric oxide release". American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 292 (2): L559–66. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00075.2006. PMID 17028267.