Pallqaqucha

Pallqaqucha

2002
Location Ancash Region
Coordinates 9°23′49″S 77°22′47″W / 9.39694°S 77.37972°W / -9.39694; -77.37972Coordinates: 9°23′49″S 77°22′47″W / 9.39694°S 77.37972°W / -9.39694; -77.37972
Basin countries Peru
Surface elevation 4,566 m

Pallqaqucha (Quechua pallqa, p'allqa, p'alqa forked, branched, fork, qucha lake,[1][2] hispanicized spelling Palcacocha) is a glacier lake in the Andes mountain range of South America in northwestern Peru located in the Ancash Region, Huaraz Province.

Location

Pallqaqucha in 1939

Pallqaqucha is located at 9°23′49″S 77°22′47″W / 9.39694°S 77.37972°W / -9.39694; -77.37972 in the Ancash Region in Cordillera Blanca at an elevation of 4,566 m, just below the summits of Pallqarahu (6,274 m) and Pukaranra (6,156 m). The lake is one of several lakes supplying the town Huaraz with water, 23 km to the southwest.

Pallqaqucha in 2001
Pallqaqucha 2003

1941 mudflow

On the early morning of 13 December 1941 a huge chunk of the adjacent glacier fell into Pallqaqucha causing the breaking of the moraine walls that limit the lake downhill. The wave hurtled down the Cojup valley, destroying another lake on its way Q'iraqucha (Jiracocha) and carrying blocks of ice, large rock boulders and liquid mud towards the Santa River valley. Within 15 minutes the mudslide reached Huaraz, with 400 m³ of debris burying parts of the town and killing approximately 6,000 to 7,000 inhabitants.

Recent developments

In April 2003, NASA scientists discovered a fissure in the glacier above Pallqaqucha on Terra satellite images of November 2001. Their warnings reached Peru just two weeks after the staff of the UGRH (Unidad de Glaciologia y Recursos Hidricos) had done some field mapping of Pallqaqucha, where a moraine rupture had caused a minor flood from the lake on 19 March 2003 which the safety constructions from the 1940s had captured.

According to research done by scientists of the Innsbruck university in Austria, the ensuing panic among the inhabitants and economic damage to Huaraz' tourism industry could have been prevented, as from their findings the NASA warnings were a misinterpretation of satellite data.

The water volume of Pallqaqucha has increased significantly in recent years. According to a study by the University of Texas at Austin, the city of Huaraz faces a high risk of flooding from the lake.[3] The volume has grown 34 times since 1970, leading to the declaration of several states of emergency.[4] At the same time, the population of Huaraz has increased from 25 000 in 1941 to around 100 000, many of whom live in the area that was previously flooded.

In 2010 the UGRH presented plans to lower the water level by 15 meters to decrease the risk of flooding. At the same time, the national government rescinded responsibility for glacier lakes from the UGRH and transferred it to the regional authorities. Since the regional authorities did not come up with the funds to implement the measures proposed by the UGRH, six drainpipes were installed in 2011 which reduced the water level by three meters by July 2013.[4]

Worldwide responsibility

In March 2015, a citizen of Huaraz who is affected by the risk of flooding, Saúl Luciano Lliuya, shifted global interest to the situation at Pallqaqucha when he sent a letter to the German utility company RWE in which he held them partially accountable for the situation.[5][6] Luciano Lliuya states that RWE has contributed half a percentage to global climate change through its operations; accordingly, RWE should contribute half a percentage of the costs to reduce the risk of flooding. On April 30, 2015, the company responded by saying that Saúl Luciano Lliuya’s claim had no legal basis and denied any responsibility for the situation.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Teofilo Laime Ajacopa, Diccionario Bilingüe Iskay simipi yuyayk'ancha, La Paz, 2007 (Quechua-Spanish dictionary): pallqa, P'ALLQA - adj. Bifurcado, ahorquillado. pallqa. - s. Bifurcación. Punto donde se separan dos o más vías o caminos. qucha, qhucha, quchacha. - s. Laguna. Lago pequeño. qucha, qhucha. - s. Lago. Gran masa de agua en una depresión.
  2. ↑ Diccionario Quechua - Español - Quechua, Academía Mayor de la Lengua Quechua, Gobierno Regional Cusco, Cusco 2005: p'alqa - s. Bifurcación, desvío, final en V. de una rama de árbol. EJEM: p'alqa k'aspi, rama de árbol que termina en V. SINÓN: tanka. Pe.Aya: pallja. Pe.Jun: palja. Ec: pallka.
  3. ↑ Animations and images for the current flood risk based on scientific studies from the University of Texas at Austin
  4. 1 2 United States Agency for International Development (USAID): The Glacial Lake Handbook. Reducing Risk from Dangerous Glacial Lakes in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru
  5. ↑ Peruvian farmer demands climate compensation from German company In: The Guardian, 16. März 2015
  6. ↑ Peruano reclama a empresa alemana por desglaciación en Huaraz In: La Republica, 16. März 2015
  7. ↑ Aktuelle Entwicklung im Fall Huaraz: Reaktion von RWE GERMANWATCH 30 April 2015

External links

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