Pale-yellow robin

Pale-yellow robin
Subspecies capito
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Petroicidae
Genus: Tregellasia
Species: T. capito
Binomial name
Tregellasia capito
(Gould, 1852)

The pale-yellow robin (Tregellasia capito) is a species of passerine bird in the family Petroicidae. It is endemic to eastern Australia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is a nondescript bird with grey head and olive upperparts, white throat and yellow underparts. The sexes are similar. Two subspecies are recognised; the smaller nana from North Queensland and the larger and uncommon nominate race capito from southeast Queensland and northeastern New South Wales. It is insectivorous.

Taxonomy

The pale-yellow robin was first described by ornithologist John Gould in 1854.[2] For many years it was classified with the other Yellow robins in the genus Eopsaltria, on the basis of plumage, nests and behaviour. Others have placed it with the genus Poecilodryas due to the similarly plumaged fledglings. However, the closest relatives of both it and the related white-faced robin remain unclear and are hence placed in their own small genus Tregellasia, originally erected by Gregory Mathews in 1912.[3] Like all Australian robins, it is not closely related to either the European robin or the American robin, but belongs rather to the Corvida parvorder comprising many tropical and Australian passerines including pardalotes, fairy-wrens and honeyeaters as well as crows.

Alternate common names given to the species have been large-headed robin and pale robin.[4]

Subspecies

Mount Mee SF, SE Queensland, Australia

Description

The male and female pale-yellow robin are similar in plumage. Measuring 12–13.5 cm (4¾–5⅓ in) and weighing 15–18 g, it is a bird of subdued appearance with grey head and nape blending into an olive green upperparts, more brownish on the wings and tail. The throat is white and the lores off-white in the southern race and buff in the northern race. The breast and belly are yellow. The legs are yellow-orange and the iris dark brown. The thin black bill is around 1.5 cm (⅔ in) long. Juvenile birds are rufous with paler streaks on the head.[4] it can be distinguished from the eastern yellow robin, as the latter bird has black legs and is a little larger.[6]

The pale-yellow robin makes a trilling call when displaying or defending its territory.

Distribution and habitat

Sedentary in its range, the pale-yellow robin is found from Mount Amos to Paluma in North Queensland, and from Cooloola on the Sunshine Coast south to Barrington Tops National Park in New South Wales. It prefers rainforest or dense eucalypt forest, particularly where the lawyer vine grows.[4]

Behaviour

The pale-yellow robin is arboreal and secretive. It is predominantly insectivorous, though may supplement its diet with seeds.[6]

Breeding

It uses the prickly lawyer vine (Calamus muelleri) as nesting material and as a nest site.[7] The nest may be anywhere up to 10 m (30 ft) above the ground, though often much lower. Breeding season is July to December with one, or sometimes two, broods. A clutch of 2 oval eggs measuring 20 x 15 mm is laid. They are pale green splotched with brownish marks.[8]

References

  1. BirdLife International (2012). "Tregellasia capito". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  2. Gould J (1854). "Descriptions of new species of Ptilotis and Eopsaltria". Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 19: 285.
  3. Mathews GM (1912). "New generic names for Australian birds". Austral Avian Rec 1: 105–17.
  4. 1 2 3 Boles, Walter E. (1988). The Robins and Flycatchers of Australia. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. p. 161. ISBN 0-207-15400-7.
  5. Ramsay EP (1878). "Description of a new species of Rhipidura from Torres Straits and of a new species of Eopsaltria from the Rockingham Bay district, with remarks on some rare Queensland birds". Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 2: 371–78.
  6. 1 2 "Birds in Backyards – Pale-yellow Robin". Australian Museum, Sydney. 27 November 2006. Retrieved 3 June 2008.
  7. Boles, Walter E. (1988). The Robins and Flycatchers of Australia. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. p. 159. ISBN 0-207-15400-7.
  8. Beruldsen, G (2003). Australian Birds: Their Nests and Eggs. Kenmore Hills, Qld: self. p. 335. ISBN 0-646-42798-9.
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