Panaeolus papilionaceus

Panaeolus papilionaceus

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Phylum:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Agaricales
Family:	Bolbitiaceae
Genus:	Panaeolus
Species:	P. papilionaceus
Binomial name
*Panaeolus papilionaceus* (Bull. ex Fries) Quélet

Approximate range of Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus
Synonyms
Agaricus calosus Agaricus campanulatus Agaricus papilionaceus Galerula campanulata Panaeolus campanulatus Panaeolus retirugis Panaeolus sphinctrinus

Panaeolus papilionaceus
Mycological characteristics
	gills on hymenium
	cap is convex
	hymenium is adnexed
	stipe is bare
	spore print is black
	ecology is saprotrophic
	edibility: edible

Panaeolus papilionaceus, also known as Agaricus calosus, Panaeolus campanulatus, Panaeolus retirugis, and Panaeolus sphinctrinus, and commonly known as Petticoat mottlegill, is a very common and widely distributed little brown mushroom that feeds on dung.

This mushroom is the type species for the genus Panaeolus.

Description

Cap: 1 – 5 cm across, obtusely conic, grayish brown, not hygrophanous, becoming campanulate in age, margin adorned with white toothlike partial veil fragments when young, flesh thin.
Gills: adnate to adnexed close to crowded, one or two tiers of intermediate gills, pale gray, acquiring a mottled, blackish appearance in age, with whitish edges.
Spores: 12 - 18 x 7-10 µm, elliptical, smooth, with an apical pore, spore print black.
Stipe: 6 – 12 cm by 2 – 4 mm, gray-brown, darker where handled, paler toward the apex, fibrous and pruinose.
Odor: Mild.
Taste: Unappetizing.
Microscopic features: Basidia 4-sterigmate; abruptly clavate. Cheilocystidia abundant; subcylindric, often subcapitate or capitate.

Habitat and formation

Occurring singly, gregariously, or caespitosely on cow/horse dung, moose droppings, and in pastures. Widely distributed in North America in Spring, Summer, and Fall and through the Winter in warmer climates. It can be found in countries including^[1] Canada (Alberta,^[2] British Columbia), the United States (Alabama, Alaska, California,^[2] Colorado, Florida, Georgia,^[2] Indiana,^[2] Louisiana,^[2] Maine, Massachusetts, Missouri, Montana,^[2] New Mexico, New York, Texas,^[2] Washington,^[2]), the Caribbean (Bahamas, Cuba, San Vincent Island), Chile, Colombia, Uruguay, France, The Netherlands, Macedonia, Mexico,^[2] Norway, Slovenia,^[2] South Africa, Uganda, China, Iran, Lithuania, Kuwait, and the Philippines.

Edibility

Panaeolus papilionaceus is edible, however it is neither choice in flavor nor substantial in mass. While similar looking species, such as Panaeolus cinctulus, do contain psilocybin, Panaeolus papilionaceus does not.

Gallery

Panaeolus papilionaceus var. papilionaceus

References

↑ Worldwide Distribution of Neurotropic Fungi, Guzman (www.museocivico.rovereto.tn.it)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Panaeolus papilionaceus The Mushroom Observer (mushroomobserver.org)]

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Wednesday, January 06, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.