Pancake sentence
Pancake sentences are a phenomenon in Scandinavian linguistics where sentence agreement does not follow conventional linguistic patterns. The phrase appears to have been coined by Hans-Olav Enger in a 2004 academic paper, "Scandinavian pancake sentences as semantic agreement". Enger states that pancake sentences are "where the predicative adjective apparently disagrees with its subject". This phenomenon may be related or compared to English language linguistics, where American English speakers might say "the team has arrived", syntactically agreeing the singular team, versus British English speakers saying "the team have arrived", agreeing semantically to the collective noun team.
An example from Swedish is the sentence "Pannkakor är nyttigt":
Pannkak-or är nyttig-t Pancake-C.PL COP healthy-NEUT.SG It’s healthy to have pancakes.
While Pannkakor 'pancakes' is plural and of common gender, nyttigt 'healthy' is inflected to singular and neuter.
A similar phenomenon also occurs in Hebrew, where the copula (and adjectives) appear to disagree with the subject.
References
- Enger, Hans-Olav (December 2013). "Scandinavian pancake sentences revisited". Nordic Journal of Linguistics (Cambridge University Press) 36 (03): 275–301.
- Josefsson, Gunlög (2012). "Pancake sentences and gender system changes in Mainland Scandinavian" (PDF).
- Josefsson, Gunlög (2014). "Pancake sentences and the semanticization of formal gender in Mainland Scandinavian". Language Sciences 43: 62–76.
- Josefsson, Gunlög (December 2012), ""Disagreeing" doubling det" (PDF), Working Papers in Scandinavian Syntax (Lund University) 90
- Polysemy and Pancakes
- מה זה זה? ניתוח תחבירי של האוגד "זה" בעברית המודרנית [What is ze? A syntactic analysis of the copula ze in Modern Hebrew] (PDF) (in Hebrew)