Transvaal lion

Transvaal lion
Transvaal lion at Eastern Cape, South Africa.
Transvaal lioness at Kruger National Park, South Africa.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Subfamily: Pantherinae
Genus: Panthera
Species: Panthera leo
Subspecies: P. l. krugeri
Trinomial name
Panthera leo krugeri
(Roberts, 1929)

The Transvaal lion (Panthera leo krugeri), also known as the Southeast African lion or Kalahari lion, is a subspecies of the lion that lives in southern Africa, including Kruger National Park and the Kalahari Region.[1] It is named after the Transvaal region in South Africa.

Physical characteristics

White lions owe their coloring to a recessive gene; they are rare forms of the subspecies Panthera leo krugeri.

The male Southeast African lion has usually a well-developed mane. Most of them are black-maned as well. Males are around 2.6–3.20 metres long including the tail. The females are 2.35–2.75 metres. The weight of males is generally 150–250 kg, while the females are 110–182 kg. They have a shoulder height of 0.92–1.23 metres.[2]

In 1936, a lion shot in Hectorspruit, South Africa, weighed about 313 kg (690 lb). It was the largest wild lion on record.[3]

White lion

Main article: White lion

White lions are actually color mutation of the Transvaal lions. Leucism occurs only in this type of lion, but is quite rare. They are found in a few wildlife reserves and mostly in zoos worldwide.

Habitat and distribution

Transvaal lions live in the savannah, grasslands and semi-arid regions.

The Transvaal lion is the southernmost subspecies of African lions, ranging from southern Namibia to southeastern Mozambique.

Ecology and behavior

Transvaal lions feed on herbivorous mammals such as zebras, African buffalo, wildebeests, warthogs and blesboks. They might prey on larger animals like southern white rhinos, South African giraffes and South African ostriches on certain occasions. Black-maned Transvaal lions from the Kalahari desert will also chase down baboons.

Evolutionary history

According to recent genetic research, the extinct Cape lion, formerly described as a separate subspecies, is not significantly different from other South African lions. Therefore, the Cape lion would have represented the southernmost population of the Transvaal lion.[4]

Conservation status

Captive Transvaal lion in Philadelphia Zoo.

There are more than 2000 lions of this subspecies in the well protected Kruger National Park.[5] In addition about 100 lions are registered under the name P. l. krugeri by the International Species Information System. These animals are derived from animals captured in South Africa.[6][7]

Introduction projects

On June 28, 2015. The African Parks network relocated transvaal lion to the Akagera park of Rwanda. They opted replacing with this subspecie because they could not get the masai lion from Tanzania which original occur in the park[8][9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Haas, S.K.; Hayssen, V.; Krausman, P.R. (2005). "Panthera leo" (PDF). Mammalian Species 762: 1–11. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2005)762[0001:PL]2.0.CO;2.
  2. ↑ Haas, S.K.; Hayssen, V.; Krausman, P.R. (2005). "Panthera leo" (PDF). Mammalian Species 762: 1–11. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2005)762[0001:PL]2.0.CO;2.
  3. ↑ Wood, The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats. Sterling Pub Co Inc (1983), ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9
  4. ↑ Barnett, R., Yamaguchi, N.; Barnes, I. and Cooper, A. (2006). "Lost populations and preserving genetic diversity in the lion Panthera leo: Implications for its ex situ conservation" (PDF). Conservation Genetics 7 (4): 507. doi:10.1007/s10592-005-9062-0.
  5. ↑ The Kruger Nationalpark Map. Honeyguide Publications CC. South Africa 2004.
  6. ↑ Barnett, R.; Yamaguchi, N.; Barnes, I.; and Cooper, A. (2006). "The origin, current diversity and future conservation of the modern lion (Panthera leo)". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273 (1598): 2119–25. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3555. PMC 1635511. PMID 16901830.
  7. ↑ Neumann, O. (1900). Die von mir in den Jahren 1892–95 in Ost- und Central-Afrika, speciell in den Massai-Ländern und den Ländern am Victoria Nyansa gesammelten und beobachteten Säugethiere. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abtheilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Thiere 13 (VI): 529–562.
  8. ↑ http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/28/rwanda-lions-reintroduced-south-africa-akagera-national-park
  9. ↑ https://www.linkedin.com/grp/post/2649321-6025748265687875586?trk=groups-post-b-title

External links

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