Parotocinclus
| Parotocinclus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Parotocinclus jumbo | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Loricariidae |
| Subfamily: | Hypoptopomatinae |
| Genus: | Parotocinclus C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889 |
| Type species | |
| Otocinclus maculicauda Steindachner, 1877 | |
Parotocinclus is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America. Most species have the caudal peduncle oval in cross section; however, in P. planicauda and P. cristatus, it is quadrangular.[1] These species are distributed in the Atlantic coastal drainages of Guyana and Surinam, eastern and southeastern Brazil.[2] Eight species are known from Brazilian rivers south of the São Francisco River basin: P. bahiensis (Senhor do Bonfim, Bahia State); P. cristatus (Ilhéus, Bahia State); P. doceanus (Doce River, Espírito Santo State); P. jimi (Itagibá, Bahia State); P. maculicauda (southeastern coastal rivers from Espírito Santo to Santa Catarina States); P. minutus (Canudos, Bahia State); P. planicauda (Suaçuí Pequeno River, a tributary of the Doce River, flowing near the city of Coroaci, Minas Gerais State) and P. robustus (Das Velhas River, Jequitaí River and Paracatu River, Minas Gerais State).[1][3]
Taxonomy
By an analysis published in 2005, Parotocinclus is not a monophyletic genus. P. jumbo is not closely related to P. maculicauda, but is positioned, instead, as a basal lineage of the Hypoptopomatinae. Additionally, P. collinsae is not closely related to P. maculicauda, and may be more closely related to Hypoptopoma and four other genera. P. jumbo and P. collinsae may eventually be transferred to new genera.[4] P. bidentatus and P. muriaensis form a monophyletic pair of sister taxa that is more closely related to a subset of species of Parotocinclus (which includes P. maculicauda) than to any other genus of the subfamily Hypoptopomatinae.[4]
Species
There are currently 29 recognized species in this genus:
- Parotocinclus amazonensis Garavello, 1977
- Parotocinclus arandai Sarmento-Soares, Lehmann A. & Martins-Pinheiro, 2009
- Parotocinclus aripuanensis Garavello, 1988
- Parotocinclus bahiensis (A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918)
- Parotocinclus bidentatus Gauger & Buckup, 2005
- Parotocinclus britskii Boeseman, 1974
- Parotocinclus cearensis Garavello, 1977
- Parotocinclus cesarpintoi P. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1939
- Parotocinclus collinsae Schmidt & Ferraris, 1985
- Parotocinclus cristatus Garavello, 1977
- Parotocinclus doceanus (A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918)
- Parotocinclus eppleyi Schaefer & Provenzano, 1993
- Parotocinclus halbothi Lehmann A., Lazzarotto & R. E. dos Reis, 2014 [5]
- Parotocinclus haroldoi Garavello, 1988
- Parotocinclus jequi Lehmann A., Koech Braun, E. H. L. Pereira & R. E. dos Reis, 2013 [6]
- Parotocinclus jimi Garavello, 1977
- Parotocinclus jumbo Britski & Garavello, 2002
- Parotocinclus longirostris Garavello, 1988
- Parotocinclus maculicauda (Steindachner, 1877)
- Parotocinclus minutus Garavello, 1977
- Parotocinclus muriaensis Gauger & Buckup, 2005
- Parotocinclus planicauda Britski & Garavello, 2003
- Parotocinclus polyochrus Schaefer, 1988
- Parotocinclus prata A. C. Ribeiro, A. L. A.Melo & E. H. L. Pereira, 2002
- Parotocinclus robustus Lehmann A. & R. E. dos Reis, 2012 [3]
- Parotocinclus seridoensis T. P. A. Ramos, Barros-Neto, Britski & S. M. Q. Lima, 2013 [7]
- Parotocinclus spilosoma (Fowler, 1941)
- Parotocinclus spilurus (Fowler, 1941) [8]
- Parotocinclus variola Lehmann A., Schvambach & R. E. dos Reis, 2015 [9]
Ecology
It has been found that Characidium species may interact with Parotocinclus maculicauda. The small Characidium will follow grazing P. maculicauda, which release particulate matter dislodged from the catfish's foraging.[10]
References
- 1 2 Garavello, J.C. & Britski, H.A. (2003). "Parotocinclus planicauda, a New Species of the Subfamily Hypoptopomatinae from Southeastern Brazil (Ostariophysi: Loricariidae)" (PDF). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 63 (2): 253–260.
- ↑ Schaefer, S.A. (1988). "A New Species of the Loricariid Genus Parotocinclus from Southern Venezuela (Pisces: Siluroidei)". Copeia, 1988: 182–188.
- 1 2 Lehmann A., P. & Reis, R.E. (2012). "A new species of Parotocinclus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper Rio São Francisco, Brazil". Zootaxa, 3390: 56–64.
- 1 2 Gauger, M.F.W. & Buckup, P.A. (2005). "Two new species of Hypoptopomatinae from the rio Paraíba do Sul basin, with comments on the monophyly of Parotocinclus and the Otothyrini (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology, 3 (4): 509–518.
- ↑ Lehmann A., P., Lazzarotto, H. & Reis, R.E. (2014). "Parotocinclus halbothi, a new species of small armored catfish (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae), from the Trombetas and Marowijne River basins, in Brazil and Suriname" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (1): 27–34.
- ↑ Lehmann A., P., Koech Braun, B., Pereira, E.H.L. & Reis, R.E. (2013). "A New Species of the Hypoptopomatinae Catfish Parotocinclus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), from the Headwaters of the Rio Jequitinhonha, Brazil". Copeia, 2013 (3): 435–440.
- ↑ Ramos, T.P.A., Barros-Neto, L.F., Britski H.A. & Lima S.M.Q. (2013). "Parotocinclus seridoensis, a new hypoptopomatine catfish (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Piranhas-Açu basin, northeastern Brazil" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (4): 787–796.
- ↑ Ramos, T.P.A., Lehmann A., P., Barros-Neto, N.F. & Lima, S.M.Q. (2016): Redescription of the endangered hypoptopomatine catfish Parotocinclus spilurus (Fowler, 1941) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Jaguaribe basin, northeastern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 14 (1): e150098.
- ↑ Lehmann A., P., Schvambach, L.J. & Reis, R.E. (2015). "A new species of the armored catfish Parotocinclus (Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae), from the Amazon basin in Colombia" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology, 13 (1): 47–52.
- ↑ Leitao, R.P., Caramaschi, É.P. & Zuanon, J. (2007). "Following food clouds: feeding association between a minute loricariid and a characidiin species in an Atlantic Forest stream, Southeastern Brazil". Neotropical Ichthyology, 5 (3): 307–310.