List of heads of the Serbian Orthodox Church
Patriarch of Peć and the Serbs | |
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Bishopric | |
orthodox | |
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Incumbent: Patriarch Irinej | |
Style | His Holiness the Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, Serbian Patriarch |
First incumbent |
Sava (Archbishop) Joanikije II (Patriarch) |
Formation |
1219 (Archbishopric) 1346 (Patriarchy) |
Website |
spc |
This is a list of the Archbishops and Patriarchs of Peć and the Serbs from the creation of the church as an archdiocese in 1219 to today's Patriarchate. The list includes all the Archbishops and Patriarchs that led the Serbian Orthodox Church under the Patriarchate of Peć. Today, the church is unified under a Patriarch who is known officially as Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch. Patriarch Irinej acceded to this position on 23 January 2010.
The Archdiocese of Peć was founded in 1219 by Saint Sava, under the authority of the Patriarch of Constantinople. In 1346, when Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia proclaimed himself Emperor, he also elevated Peć to a patriarchate. This was only recognized by the Patriarch of Constantinople in 1379.
After the Ottoman conquest of the Serbian Despotate in 1459, the Patriarchate gradually lost its importance. At times the church was forced by the Ottoman government to install Greeks in the office. From 1766 to 1920 the patriarchate was abolished and all ecclesiastical jurisdiction was given to the Patriarch of Constantinople. A metropolitan see was maintained in Belgrade from 1766 afterwards. There were also independent Serbian Orthodox sees based in Karlovci and in Montenegro.
In 1920, the church was reunified and the Patriarchy was reestablished with the see moving to Belgrade, but retaining the lineage of the throne of Saint Sava in Peć. The Patriarch holds ecclesiastical authority over the Orthodox Church in the territory of the former Yugoslavia, and also over Serbian Orthodox Christians in Western Europe, Australia, North America, and South America.
Legend
venerated to sainthood | also served as Metropolitan of Karlovci | ||
also served as Metropolitan of Belgrade | Current Serbian Patriarch | ||
Archbishops, 1219–1346
Archbishop of the Autocephalous Orthodox Archdiocese of ŽiÄa (1219–1233) | |||||||
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Regnal title: Metropolitan of ŽiÄa and Archbishop of Serbs | |||||||
No. | Primate | Portrait | Reigned from | Reigned until | Place of birth | Notes | |
1 | Sava Сава Sabbas |
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1219 | 1233 | Stari Ras | First Archbishop of Autocephalous Serbian Church Born as Rastko Nemanjić / РаÑтко Ðемањић | |
Archbishops of the Autocephalous Orthodox Archdiocese of Peć (1233–1346) | |||||||
Regnal title: Metropolitan of Peć and Archbishop of Serbs | |||||||
No. | Primate | Portrait | Reigned from | Reigned until | Place of birth | Notes | |
2 | Arsenije I ÐÑ€Ñеније I Arsenius I |
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1233 | 1263 | Syrmia | First Archbishop of the See of Peć | |
3 | Sava II Сава II Sabbas II |
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1263 | 1271 | Stari Ras | Nephew to Sava I Born as Predislav Nemanjić / ПредиÑлав Ðемањић | |
4 | Danilo I Данило I Daniel I |
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1271 | 1272 | Was replaced after a year for an unknown reason | ||
5 | Joanikije I Јоаникије I Joannicius I |
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1272 | 1276 | Disciple of Sava II | ||
Archdiocese throne vacant from 1276–1279 | |||||||
6 | Jevstatije I ЈевÑтатије I Eustathius I |
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1279 | 4 January 1286 | Budimlje | Relics buried at Patriarchate of Peć | |
7 | Jakov I Јаков I Jacob I |
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1286 | 1292 | |||
8 | Jevstatije II ЈевÑтатије II Eustathius II |
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1292 | 1309 | |||
9 | Sava III Сава III Sabbas III |
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1309 | 1316 | |||
10 | Nikodim I Ðикодим I Nicodemus I |
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1316 | 1324 | |||
11 | Danilo II Данило II Daniel II |
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1324 | 1337 | |||
12 | Joanikije II Јоаникије II Joannicius II |
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1338 | 1346 | Prizren | Elevated to Patriarch | |
Patriarchs, 1346–1766
Patriarchs of the Holy Patriarchal See of Peć (1346–1766) | |||||||
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First Patriarchate of Peć (1346–1463) | |||||||
Regnal title: Archbishop of Peć and Patriarch of all Serb Lands and the Maritime | |||||||
No. | Primate | Portrait | Personal name | Reigned from | Reigned until | Place of birth | Notes |
1 | Joanikije II Јоаникије II Joannicius II |
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1346 | 1354 | Prizren | First Serb Patriarch installed during the coronation of Emperor Dušan | |
2 | Sava IV Сава IV Sabbas IV |
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1354 | 1375 | |||
3 | Jefrem Јефрем Ephraem |
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1375 | 1380 | First tenure | ||
4 | Spiridon Спиридон Spyridon |
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1380 | 1389 | |||
-- | Jefrem Јефрем Ephraem |
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1389 | 1390 | Second tenure | ||
5 | Danilo III Данило III Daniel III |
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1390 | 1396 | |||
6 | Sava V Сава V |
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1396 | 1406 | |||
7 | Danilo IV Данило IV Daniel IV |
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1406 | ||||
8 | Kirilo I Кирило Cyril I |
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1407 | 1419 | |||
9 | Nikon Ðикон |
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1420 | 1435 | |||
10 | Teofan Теофан Theophanes |
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1435 | 1446 | For unknown reasons not listed as an official Patriarch of the church | ||
11 | Nikodim II Ðикодим II Nicodemus II |
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1446 | 1455 | |||
12 | Arsenije II ÐÑ€Ñеније II Arsenius II |
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1457 | 1463 | |||
First Ottoman Intervention (1463–1557)[A] | |||||||
vacant from 1463 to 1508 due to Ottoman Empire's 1st abolishment | |||||||
No. | Primate | Portrait | Personal name | Reigned from | Reigned until | Place of birth | Notes |
-- | Jovan I Јован I John I |
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1508 | Title was Archbishop of Serbs | |||
vacant from 1508 to 1524 due to Ottoman Empire's 2nd abolishment | |||||||
-- | Marko Марко Mark |
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1524 | Title was Serb Metropolitan | |||
vacant from 1524 to 1527 due to Ottoman Empire's 3rd abolishment | |||||||
-- | Pavle (I) Павле (I) Paul |
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1527 | 1535 | Title was Metropolitan of Smederevo | ||
vacant from 1535 to 1557 due to Ottoman Empire's 4th abolishment | |||||||
Second Patriarchate of Peć (1557–1766) | |||||||
Regnal title: Archbishop of Peć and Patriarch of Serbs and Bulgarians (1557–1572) Regnal title: Archbishop of Peć and Patriarch of Serbs (1572–1766) | |||||||
No. | Primate | Portrait | Personal name | Reigned from | Reigned until | Place of birth | Notes |
13 | Makarije Макарије Macarius |
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Makarije Sokolović Макарије Соколовић |
1557 | 1571 | Višegrad | |
14 | Antonije Ðнтоније Anthony |
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Antonije Sokolović Ðнтоније Соколовић |
1571 | 1575 | ||
15 | Gerasim ГераÑим Gerasimus |
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Gerasim Sokolović ГераÑим Соколовић |
1575 | 1586 | ||
16 | Savatije Саватије Sabbatios |
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Savatije Sokolović Саватије Соколовић |
1586 | Prijepolje | ||
17 | Nikanor Ðиканор Nicanor |
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? | ||||
18 | Jerotej Јеротеј Hieroteos |
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1589 | 1590 | |||
19 | Filip Филип Philip |
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1591 | 1592 | |||
20 | Jovan II Kantul Јован John II Kantul |
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1592 | 1613 | |||
21 | Pajsije I ПајÑије I Paisius |
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1615 | 1648 | Janjevo | ||
22 | Gavrilo I Гаврило I Gabriel I |
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1648 | 1655 | Å titkovo | ||
23 | Maksim I МакÑим Maxim |
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1655 | 1672 | Skopje | ||
24 | Arsenije III ÐÑ€Ñеније III Arsenius III |
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Arsenije ÄŒarnojević ÐÑ€Ñеније Чарнојевић |
1672 | 1690 | Cetinje, Montenegro | Patriarch that lead the Serbs to migration into the Habsburg Monarchy. Created independent church in Hungary. |
25 | Kalinik I Калиник I Callinicus I |
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1691 | 1710 | Skopje | Maintained Peć in turbulent times after the mass exodous of Serbs from the Ottoman Empire. | |
26 | Atanasije I ÐтанаÑије I Athanasius I |
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1711 | 1712 | |||
27 | Mojsije МојÑије Moses |
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1712 | 1726 | |||
28 | Arsenije IV ÐÑ€Ñеније IV Arsenius IV |
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Arsenije Jovanović Å akabenta ÐÑ€Ñеније Јовановић Шакабента |
1726 | 1737 | Peć | |
29 | Joanikije III Јоаникије III Joannicius III |
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1739 | 1746 | Ethnic Greek Patriarch | ||
30 | Atanasije II Gavrilović ÐтанаÑије II Гавриловић Athanasius II |
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Gavrilović Гавриловић |
1746 | 1752 | Skopje | |
31 | Gavrilo II Sarajevac Гаврило II Сарајевац Gabriel II the Sarajevan |
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Mihajlović Михајловић |
1752 | Sarajevo | ||
32 | Gavrilo III Гаврило III Gabriel III |
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1755 | ||||
33 | Vikentije I Викентије Vicentius I |
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?? | ?? | |||
34 | Pajsije II Grk ПајÑије II Грк Paisius II the Greek |
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?? | ?? | Ethnic Greek Patriarch | ||
35 | Gavrilo IV Grk Гаврило IV Грк Gabriel IV the Greek |
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?? | ?? | Ethnic Greek Patriarch | ||
36 | Kirilo II Кирило II Cyril II |
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1758 | 1763 | |||
37 | Vasilije ВаÑилије Basil |
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Vasilije Brkić ВаÑилије Бркић |
1763 | 1765 | ||
38 | Kalinik II Grk Калиник II Грк Callinicus II the Greek |
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1765 | 1766 | Ethnic Greek Patriarch Resigned as Patriarch, effectively abolishing the post and relegating it to the Patriarchate of Constantinople | ||
Second Ottoman Intervention (1766–1920) | |||||||
Ottoman Empire abolishes the Patriarchate of Peć for the Fifth and final time. During the period of 1766 to 1920, the Serbian Orthodox Christians within the Ottoman Empire are subjected to the Patriarch of Constantinople. However a metropolitan bishop remained in Belgrade.
There was also a see in Cetinje, Montenegro since the late 15th century. The Vladikas of Montenegro were Orthodox bishops that ran the tiny medieval Serb statlet of Montenegero. The Metropolitante of Montenegero was a part of three major dioceses that merged to form the reunited Serbian church in 1920 (the other were the Metropolitante of Belgrade and the Patriarchate of Karlovci). Due to the war between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League, a large number of Serbs migrated to Habsburg Monarchy in 1690. This caused the establishment of a Metropolitanate in Karlowitz (Sremski Karlovci). Later on the see was elevated to a patriarchate in 1848 as a reward to Serbs who supported the Habsburgs during the 1848/1849 revolution.
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Patriarchs, 1920–present
Patriarchs of the Holy Patriarchal See of Belgrade (Peć) (1920–present) | |||||||
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Regnal title: Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch[B] | |||||||
No. | Primate | Portrait | Personal name | Reigned from | Reigned until | Place of birth | Notes |
39 | Dimitrije Димитрије Dimitrius |
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Dimitrije Pavlović Димитрије Павловић |
12 September 1920 | 6 April 1930 | Požarevac, Principality of Serbia | First Patriarch of the reunified Serbian church |
40 | Varnava Варнава Barnabas |
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Petar Rosić Петар РоÑић |
12 May 1930 | 23 July 1937 | Pljevlja, Principality of Montenegro | Some believe he may have been poisoned |
41 | Gavrilo [V] Гaврилo Gabriel (V) |
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Gavrilo Dožić Гaврилo Дoжић |
21 February 1938 | 7 May 1950 | Vrujci, Principality of Montenegro | Known unofficially as Gavrilo V Dožić-Medenica |
42 | Vikentije [II] Викентије Vicentius (II) |
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Vitomir Prodanov Витомир Проданов |
1 July 1950 | 5 July 1958 | BaÄko Petrovo Selo, Austria-Hungary | Not known as Vikentije II but entered just as Vikentije. Some believe he may have been second poisoned Patriarch |
43 | German Герман Herman |
Hranislav Äorić ХраниÑлав Ђорић |
14 September 1958 | 30 November 1990 | JoÅ¡aniÄka Banja, Kingdom of Serbia | Longest reigning Patriarch and only retired Patriarch during his life | |
44 | Pavle [II] Павле Paul |
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Gojko StojÄević Гојко Стојчевић |
1 December 1990 | 15 November 2009 | Kućanci, Austria-Hungary | Not known as Pavle II but entered just as Pavle |
45 | Irinej Иринеј Irenaeus |
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Miroslav Gavrilović МироÑлав Гавриловић |
23 January 2010 | Present | Vidova, Kingdom of Yugoslavia |
Notes
- A The Ottomans did not recognize the official title of "Archbishop of Peć and Patriarch of Serbs". However still church records still record these three men as Patriarchs even though they did not serve in full title. They were still known as the exrach and protector of the throne
- B The patriarchs hold the title of Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Patriarch of all Serbs and are considered the successors to the Patriarchal throne of Peć. However, the Patriarchy is based in Belgrade, Serbia.
See also
- Serbian Orthodox Church
- Metropolitanate of Belgrade
- List of Metropolitans of Montenegro
- Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral
- Metropolitanate of Karlovci
- Patriarchate of Karlovci
- Eparchy of Križevci
- Religion in Serbia
External links
- Serbian Orthodox Church, history at spc.rs
- Pages on most of the Serbian Patriarchs (in Serbian)
- Kosovo.com: another list of Serbian Patriarchs
- Hierarchical Succession of the Patriarchal See of Serbia from the Orthodox Research Institute
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