Paula England

Paula England
Born (1949-12-04) 4 December 1949
Alma mater Whitman College (BA, 1971); University of Chicago (MA, 1972; PhD in Sociology, 1975)
Doctoral advisor Edward Laumann, David McFarland and James A. Davis
Notable awards American Sociological Association for Distinguished Career in Gender Scholarship

Paula S. England (born 4 December 1949),[1] is an American sociologist and Professor at New York University. Her research has focused on gender inequality in the labor market, the family, and sexuality. She has also studied class differences in contraception and nonmarital births.

Education

England got a BA in Sociology and Psychology from Whitman College in 1971, an MA in Social Sciences from the University of Chicago in 1972, and a PhD in 1975, also from the University of Chicago.

Work

England has served as a professor at the University of Texas-Dallas, University of Arizona, University of Pennsylvania, Northwestern University, Stanford University, and New York University [CV]. She served as President of the American Sociological Association from August 2014 to August 2015.

England's research showed that both men and women earn less if they work in a predominantly female occupation, even after adjusting for differences between occupations in the skill and education they require.[2][3][4] She called this a type of sex discrimination distinct from lack of equal pay for equal work in the same job, and distinct from the hiring discrimination against women trying to enter jobs. She argued that employers—consciously or unconsciously—take the sex composition of jobs into account when they set pay levels, acting as if jobs done by women can't be worth much. She argued that this bias reflects a general cultural devaluation of women and roles associated with women, and that institutional inertia cements this bias into wage structures.[5] She also showed that when occupations feminize, their pay goes down.[6]

England has also studied how gender norms structure the college hookup culture, which features nonrelational sex.[7][8]

Awards

In 1999 the American Sociological Association recognized her with the Jessie Bernard Award for Distinguished Scholarship on Gender.[9] In 2010 the American Sociological Association's Section on Sociology of the Family recognized her with a Distinguished Career Award.[10] In 2009 she was elected the Frances Perkins Fellow by the American Academy of Political and Social Science. In 2015 the Population Association of America awarded her the Harriet Presser award for research on gender and demography.

Selected bibliography

Books

Chapters in books

Articles

References

  1. ↑ "England, Paula". Library of Congress. Retrieved 3 August 2014. data sheet (Paula S. England; b. 12/4/49)
  2. ↑ Kilbourne, Barbara; England, Paula; Farkas, George; Beron, Kurt; Weir, Dorothea (November 1994). "Return to skills, compensating differentials, and gender bias: effects of occupational characteristics on the wages of white women and men". American Journal of Sociology (Chicago Journals) 100 (3): 689–719. doi:10.1086/230578.
  3. ↑ England, Paula; Farkas, George; Kilbourne, Barbara; Dou, Thomas (August 1988). "Explaining occupational sex segregation and wages: findings from a model with fixed effects". American Sociological Review (Sage) 53 (4): 544–558. doi:10.2307/2095848.
  4. ↑ England, Paula (1992). Comparable Worth: Theories and Evidence. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. ISBN 9780202303499. Amazon.
  5. ↑ Hartmann, Heidi (1 June 2010). "Paula England: Why female-dominated jobs systematically pay less". AAPSS news (American Academy of Political and Social Science).
  6. ↑ Levanon, Asaf; England, Paula; Allison, Paul (December 2009). "Occupational feminization and pay: assessing casual dynamics using 1950-2000 census data". Social Forces (Oxford Journals) 88 (2): 865–892. doi:10.1353/sof.0.0264.
  7. ↑ Armstrong, Elizabeth; England, Paula; Fogarty, Alison (June 2012). "Accounting for women's orgasm and sexual enjoyment in college hookups and relationships". American Sociological Review (Sage) 77 (3): 435–462. doi:10.1177/0003122412445802.
  8. ↑ Armstrong, Elizabeth A.; Hamilton, Laura; England, Paula (August 2010). "Is hooking up bad for young women?". Contexts (Sage) 9 (3): 22–27. doi:10.1525/ctx.2010.9.3.22. Text.
  9. ↑ "Paula England Award Statement". American Sociological Association.
  10. ↑ "Sociology of the Family's Distinguished Career Award". American Sociological Association.

External links

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