Peter III of Portugal
| Peter III | |
|---|---|
.png) D. Pedro III | |
| King of Portugal and Algarves | |
| Reign |
24 February 1777 – 25 May 1786 |
| Predecessor | Joseph |
| Successor | Maria I |
| Co-monarch | Maria I (suo jure) |
| Born |
5 July 1717 Lisbon, Portugal |
| Died |
25 May 1786 (aged 68) Queluz, Portugal |
| Burial | Pantheon of the Braganzas |
| Spouse | Maria I of Portugal |
| Issue details |
José, Prince of Brazil João VI of Portugal Infanta Mariana Vitória |
| House | House of Braganza |
| Father | John V of Portugal |
| Mother | Maria Anna of Austria |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
Peter III (Portuguese: Pedro III)[1] (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈpedɾu]) (5 July 1717 – 25 May 1786) became King of the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves by the accession of his wife and niece Queen Maria I in 1777, and co-reigned alongside her until his death.[2]
Early life
Pedro was born at 12:00 noon on 5 July 1717 in the Ribeira Palace in Lisbon, Portugal.[3] He was baptized on 29 August and was given the name Pedro Clemente Francisco José António.[4] His parents were King João V and his wife Maria Ana of Austria.[3] Pedro was a younger brother of José I of Portugal. Their maternal grandparents were Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg, sister of Queen Maria Sofia of Portugal.
Reign
Pedro married his niece Maria, Princess of Brazil, in 1760, at which time she was the heiress presumptive to the throne then held by his brother José I. According to custom, Pedro thus became king of Portugal in right of his wife. They had six children, of whom the eldest surviving son succeeded Maria as João VI on her death in 1816.
Pedro made no attempt to participate in government affairs, spending his time hunting or in religious exercises.
He also defended the high nobility of Portugal, and sponsored the petitions of those accused in Távora affair, whose rehabilitation was subject of new lawsuits, in which the heirs demanded the restitution of their confiscated properties.
Peter III was moderately friendly toward the Jesuits, who had been banished from Portugal and its overseas empire in 1759, largely at the behest of the Marquis of Pombal. Peter III had taken some of his early education from the Jesuits, explaining this. His affection had little effect; Pope Clement XIV ordered the Jesuits suppressed across Europe in 1773.
Marriage and Issue
The couple married on 6 June 1760. At the time of their marriage, Maria was 25 and Pedro was 42. Despite the age gap, the couple had a happy marriage. Peter automatically became co-monarch (as Pedro III of Portugal) when Maria ascended the throne, as a child had already been born from their marriage. The couple had six children and a stillborn baby.
| Royal styles of King Pedro III of Portugal | |
|---|---|
.png) | |
| Reference style | His Most Faithful Majesty |
| Spoken style | Your Most Faithful Majesty |
| Alternative style | Sire |
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| José, Prince of Brazil | 20 August 1761 | 11 September 1788 | José Francisco Xavier de Paula Domingos António Agostinho Anastácio married Infanta Benedita of Portugal and had no issue. His death lead to his younger brother becoming heir-apparent and later king. |
| João de Bragança | 20 October 1762 | 20 October 1762 | João was a still born baby, born at the Ajuda National Palace. |
| João Francisco de Bragança | 16 September 1763 | 10 October 1763 | João Francisco de Paula Domingos António Carlos Cipriano was born at the Ajuda National Palace. |
| João VI | 13 May 1767 | 10 March 1826 | João Maria José Francisco Xavier de Paula Luís António Domingos Rafael married Carlota Joaquina of Spain and had issue. He was King of Portugal and Emperor of Brazil. |
| Mariana Victoria de Bragança | 15 December 1768 | 2 November 1788 | Maria Ana Vitória Josefa Francisca Xavier de Paula Antonieta Joana Domingas Gabriela married Infante Gabriel of Spain and had issue. |
| Maria Clementina de Bragança | 9 June 1774 | 27 June 1776 | Maria Clementina Francisca Xavier de Paula Ana Josefa Antónia Domingas Feliciana Joana Michaela Julia de Bragança was born at the Queluz National Palace. |
| Maria Isabel de Bragança | 12 December 1776 | 14 January 1777 | Maria Isabel was born at the Queluz National Palace. |
Ancestors
Notes
- ↑ Encyclopaedia Britannica Volume 17 1973 Page 518 "Pedro III (1717-1786), king-consort from 1777, was born in Lisbon on July 5, 1717, the younger son of John V of Portugal. He was married in July 1760 to the daughter of his elder brother, King Joseph I."
- ↑ David Birmingham A Concise History of Portugal 2003 Page 205 "Pedro III 1777-86"
- 1 2 Sousa 1741, Vol VIII, p. 369.
- ↑ Sousa 1741, Vol VIII, p. 370.
References
- Sousa, António Caetano de. História genealógica da Casa Real portuguesa (in Portuguese) VIII. Lisbon: Silviana.
External links
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| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Joseph I |
King of Portugal and the Algarves 24 February 1777 – 25 May 1786 with Maria I |
Succeeded by Maria I |
| Portuguese royalty | ||
| Preceded by Maria I |
Duke of Braganza 6 July 1760 – 24 February 1777 with Maria I |
Succeeded by José II |
| Preceded by Maria I |
Prince of Brazil 6 July 1760 – 24 February 1777 with Maria I |
Succeeded by José |
| Preceded by Francisco |
Lord of the House of Infantado 5 July 1717 – 6 July 1760 |
Succeeded by João |
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