Peerage of Scotland

The Peerage of Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Moraireachd na h-Alba, Scots: Maikage o Scotland [1]) is the section of the Peerage of the British Isles for those peers created by the King of Scots before 1707. Following that year's Treaty of Union, the Kingdom of Scots and the Kingdom of England were combined under the name of Great Britain, and a new Peerage of Great Britain was introduced in which subsequent titles were created.

After the Union, the Peers of the ancient Parliament of Scotland elected 16 representative peers to sit in the House of Lords. The Peerage Act 1963 granted all Scottish Peers the right to sit in the House of Lords, but this automatic right was revoked, as for all hereditary peerages (except those of the incumbent Earl Marshal and Lord Great Chamberlain), when the House of Lords Act 1999 received royal assent. Had the Scottish people voted "Yes" in the Scottish independence referendum, 2014, the eligibility of Peers of Scotland to sit in the House of Lords would have been reviewed.

Unlike most peerages, many Scottish titles have been granted with remainder to pass via female offspring (thus an Italian family has succeeded to and presently holds the earldom of Newburgh[2]), and in the case of daughters only, these titles devolve to the eldest daughter rather than falling into abeyance (as is the case with ancient English baronies by writ of summons). Unlike other British peerage titles, Scots Law permits peerages to be inherited by or through a person who was not legitimate at birth, but was subsequently legitimised by their parents marrying later.[3][4]

The ranks of the Scottish Peerage are, in ascending order: Lord of Parliament, Viscount, Earl, Marquis and Duke. Scottish Viscounts differ from those of the other Peerages (of England, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom) by using the style of in their title, as in Viscount of Oxfuird. Though this is the theoretical form, most Viscounts drop the "of". The Viscount of Arbuthnott and to a lesser extent the Viscount of Oxfuird still actively use of. Scottish Peers were entitled to sit in the ancient Parliament of Scotland.

Scottish Barons rank below Lords of Parliament, and although considered noble, their titles are incorporeal hereditaments. At one time feudal barons did sit in parliament. However, they are considered minor barons and not peers because their titles can be hereditary, or bought and sold.

In the following table of the Peerage of Scotland as it currently stands, each peer's highest ranking title in the other peerages (if any) are also listed.

Dukes in the Peerage of Scotland

Title Creation Other titles
The Duke of Rothesay 1398 Since 1603, usually Prince of Wales as the heir to the throne
Duke of Cornwall in the Peerage of England
The Duke of Hamilton 1643 Duke of Brandon in the Peerage of Great Britain
The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry 1663; 1684 Earl of Doncaster in the Peerage of England
The Duke of Lennox 1675 Duke of Richmond in the Peerage of England
Duke of Gordon in the Peerage of the UK
The Duke of Argyll 1701 Lord Sundridge and Hamilton in the Peerage of Great Britain
Duke of Argyll in the Peerage of the UK
The Duke of Atholl 1703  
The Duke of Montrose 1707 Earl Graham in the Peerage of Great Britain
The Duke of Roxburghe 1707 Earl Innes in the Peerage of the UK

Marquesses in the Peerage of Scotland

Title Creation Other titles
The Marquess of Huntly 1599 Lord Meldrum in the Peerage of the UK
The Marquess of Queensberry 1682  
The Marquess of Tweeddale 1694 Lord Tweeddale in the Peerage of the UK
The Marquess of Lothian 1701 Lord Ker in the Peerage of the UK

Earls and Countesses in the Peerage of Scotland

Title Creation Other titles
The Countess of Sutherland 1230  
The Earl of Crawford and Balcarres 1398; 1651 Lord Wigan in the Peerage of the UK
Lord Balniel in the Peerage of the UK for life
The Countess of Mar 1114  
The Earl of Erroll 1452  
The Earl of Rothes 1457  
The Earl of Morton 1458  
The Earl of Buchan 1469 Lord Erskine in the Peerage of the UK
The Earl of Eglinton 1507 Earl of Winton in the Peerage of the UK
The Earl of Cassilis 1509 Marquess of Ailsa in the Peerage of the UK
The Earl of Caithness 1455  
The Earl of Mar and Kellie 1565; 1619 Lord Erskine of Alloa Tower in the Peerage of the UK for life
The Earl of Moray 1562 Lord Stuart in the Peerage of Great Britain
The Earl of Home 1605 Lord Douglas in the Peerage of the UK
The Earl of Perth 1605  
The Earl of Abercorn 1606 Duke of Abercorn in the Peerage of Ireland
Marquess of Abercorn in the Peerage of Great Britain
The Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne 1606 Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne in the Peerage of the UK
The Earl of Haddington 1619  
The Earl of Nithsdale 1620  
The Earl of Galloway 1623  
The Earl of Lauderdale 1624  
The Earl of Lindsay 1633  
The Earl of Loudoun 1633  
The Earl of Kinnoull 1633 Lord Hay in the Peerage of Great Britain
The Earl of Dumfries and Bute 1633; 1703 Marquess of Bute in the Peerage of Great Britain
The Earl of Elgin and Kincardine 1633; 1647 Lord Elgin in the Peerage of the UK
The Earl of Southesk 1633 Duke of Fife in the Peerage of the UK
The Earl of Wemyss and March 1633; 1697 Lord Wemyss in the Peerage of the UK
The Earl of Dalhousie 1633 Lord Ramsay in the Peerage of the UK
The Earl of Airlie 1639  
The Earl of Leven and Melville 1641; 1690  
The Earl of Dysart 1643  
The Earl of Selkirk 1646 Lord Selkirk of Douglas in the Peerage of the UK for life
The Earl of Northesk 1647  
The Earl of Dundee 1660  
The Earl of Newburgh 1660  
The Earl of Annandale and Hartfell 1662  
The Earl of Dundonald 1669  
The Earl of Kintore 1677 Viscount Stonehaven in the Peerage of the UK
The Earl of Aberdeen 1682 Viscount Gordon in the Peerage of Great Britain
Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair in the Peerage of the UK
The Earl of Dunmore 1686  
The Earl of Orkney 1696  
The Earl of Seafield 1701  
The Earl of Stair 1703 Lord Oxenfoord in the Peerage of the UK
The Earl of Rosebery 1703 Earl of Midlothian in the Peerage of the UK
The Earl of Glasgow 1703 Lord Fairlie in the Peerage of the UK
The Earl of Hopetoun 1703 Marquess of Linlithgow in the Peerage of the UK

Viscounts in the Peerage of Scotland

Title Creation Other titles
The Viscount (of) Falkland 1620  
The Viscount (of) Stormont 1621 Earl of Mansfield in the Peerage of Great Britain
The Viscount of Arbuthnott 1641  
The Viscount of Oxfuird 1651  

Lords of Parliament and Ladies in the Peerage of Scotland

Title Creation Other titles
The Lord Forbes 1442  
The Lord Gray 1445  
The Lady Saltoun 1445  
The Lord Sinclair 1449  
The Lord Borthwick 1452  
The Lord Cathcart 1452 Earl Cathcart in the Peerage of the UK
The Lord Lovat 1464 Lord Lovat in the Peerage of the UK
The Lord Sempill 1488  
The Lady Herries 1490  
The Lord Elphinstone 1510 Lord Elphinstone in the Peerage of the UK
The Lord Torphichen 1564  
The Lady Kinloss 1602  
The Lord Colville of Culross 1604 Viscount Colville of Culross in the Peerage of the UK
The Lord Balfour of Burleigh 1607  
The Lord Dingwall 1609 Lord Lucas in the Peerage of England
The Lord Napier 1627 Lord Ettrick in the Peerage of the UK
The Lord Fairfax of Cameron 1627  
The Lord Reay 1628  
The Lord Forrester 1633 Lord Verulam in the Peerage of Great Britain
Viscount Grimston in the Peerage of Ireland
Earl of Verulam in the Peerage of the UK
The Lord Elibank 1643  
The Lord Belhaven and Stenton 1647  
The Lord Rollo 1651 Lord Dunning in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
The Lord Ruthven of Freeland 1651 Earl of Carlisle in the Peerage of England
The Lord Nairne 1681 Viscount Mersey in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
The Lord Polwarth 1690  

See also

References

  1. www.scotslanguage.com
  2. "Representative Peers of Scotland". The Scottish Review 25: 357. 1895.
  3. Earl of Dundee quoted in Hansard: LEGITIMATION (SCOTLAND) BILL [H.L.]
  4. Lauderdale Peerage Claim, House of Lords, 1884–1885

External links

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