Penn Cambria School District

Penn Cambria School District
Address
201 6th Street
Cresson, Pennsylvania, 16630
United States of America
Information
Type Public
Established 1966
School board 9 locally elected members
Superintendent

William W Marshall, M'Ed., salary $105,000 (Contract July 1, 2015 - June 30, 2020)[1]

Ms. Mary Beth Whited, former superintendent (2006-2015)[2] Salary $119,189 (2013)
Administrator Sandra Evans, Business Manager
Principal Cynthia Pacifico salary $100,159 (2013)
Principal William Marshall - $95,348
Staff

103 non teaching staff members (2012)[3]
Jeffery Baird, $86,749
Jeanete Black, $85,686
Paul Haber, $84,424
Sandra Evans, $83,606

Dane Clark Harrold, $73,034
Faculty 118 (2012)
Grades Preschool-12
Age 4 years old to 21 years old special eductaion
Number of students

1,775 pupils (2014)[4]
1,793 pupils (2012)[5]

1,784 pupils (2006)[6]
 • Kindergarten 127 (2013), 131 (2006)
 • Grade 1 155 (2013), 130
 • Grade 2 127 (2013), 134
 • Grade 3 135 (2013), 129
 • Grade 4 129 (2013), 126
 • Grade 5 137 (2013), 150
 • Grade 6 133 (2013), 130
 • Grade 7 138 (2013), 110
 • Grade 8 146 (2013), 106
 • Grade 9 154(2013), 145
 • Grade 10 119 (2013), 159
 • Grade 11 115(2013), 148
 • Grade 12 143 (2013), 143 (2006)
 • Other 13 pupils
Language English
Color(s) Blue and Black
Mascot Panthers
Per pupil spending $11,612 (2008)
Per pupil spending $11,927.53 (2012)[7]
Website http://www.pcam.org/
Penn Cambria School District region in Blair County

Penn Cambria School District is a small, rural, public school district located in Cambria County, Pennsylvania. The District serves the boroughs of Ashville, Cresson, Gallitzin, Lilly, Loretto, Sankertown and Tunnelhill in both Blair County and Cambria County. As well as the townships of Allegheny, Cresson, Dean, Gallitzin, Munster, and Washington. Penn Cambria covers 108 square miles (280 km2) in east-central Cambria County. According to 2000 federal census data, Penn Cambria School District served a resident population of 16,744. By 2010, the District's population increased to 17,359 people.[8] The educational attainment levels for the School District population (25 years old and over) were 88.8% high school graduates and 14.9% college graduates.[9] The District is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.

According to the Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center, 37.2% of the District’s pupils lived at 185% or below the Federal Poverty Level as shown by their eligibility for the federal free or reduced price school meal programs in 2012.[10] In 2009, the district residents’ per capita income was $13,603, while the median family income was $40,432.[11] In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501[12] and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010.[13] In Cambria County, the median household income was $39,574.[14] By 2013, the median household income in the United States rose to $52,100.[15]

School Buildings

Penn Cambria has five school buildings, each serves a certain amount of grade levels:

School Name Grade Level Principal
Penn Cambria Pre-Primary School Grades K-1 Ms. Cynthia Pacifico
Penn Cambria Primary School Grades 2-3 Ms. Cynthia Pacifico
Penn Cambria Intermediate School Grades 4-5 Ms. Cynthia Pacifico
Penn Cambria Middle School Grades 6-8 Mr. Jeff Baird - Principal 7th & 8th
Dane Harrold, Principal 5th & 6th[16]
Penn Cambria High School Grades 9-12 Mr. William Marshall - Head
Mr. Dane Harrold - Assistant

High school students may choose to attend Admiral Peary Area Vocational Technical School for training in the construction and mechanical trades. The Appalachia Intermediate Unit IU8 provides the District with a wide variety of services like specialized education for disabled students and hearing, background checks for employees, state mandated recognizing and reporting child abuse training, speech and visual disability services and professional development for staff and faculty.

Governance

Penn Cambria School District is governed by 9 individually elected board members (serve without compensation for a term of four years), the Pennsylvania State Board of Education, the Pennsylvania Department of Education and the Pennsylvania General Assembly.[17] The federal government controls programs it funds like: Title I funding for low income children in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the No Child Left Behind Act, which mandates the district focus resources on student success in acquiring reading and math skills. The Superintendent and Business Manager are appointed by the school board. The Superintendent is the chief administrative officer with overall responsibility for all aspects of operations, including education and finance. The Business Manager is responsible for budget and financial operations. Neither of these officials are voting members of the School Board. The School Board enters into individual employment contracts for these positions. In Pennsylvania, public school districts are required to give 150 days notice to the Superintendent regarding renewal of the employment contract.[18]

Academic achievement

In 2015, Penn Cambria School District ranked 113th out of 493 Pennsylvania public school districts, by the Pittsburgh Business Times.[19] The ranking is based on the last 3 years of student academic achievement as demonstrated by PSSAs results in: reading, writing, math and science and the three Keystone Exams (literature, Algebra 1, Biology I) in high school.[20] Three school districts were excluded because they do not operate high schools (Saint Clair Area School District, Midland Borough School District, Duquesne City School District). The PSSAs are given to all children in grades 3rd through 8th. Adapted PSSA examinations are given to children in the special education programs. Writing exams were given to children in 5th and 8th grades.
  • 2008 - 241st[24]
  • 2007 - 310th out of 501 school districts.[25]

District AYP status history

In 2012, Penn Cambria School District achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) status.[26] In 2011, Penn Cambria School District achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP). In 2011, 94 percent of the 500 Pennsylvania public school districts achieved the No Child Left Behind Act progress level of 72% of students reading on grade level and 67% of students demonstrating on grade level math. In 2011, 46.9 percent of Pennsylvania school districts achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) based on student performance. An additional 37.8 percent of Pennsylvania public school districts made AYP based on a calculated method called safe harbor, 8.2 percent on the growth model and 0.8 percent on a two-year average performance.[27][28] School District achieved AYP status each year from 2003 to 2010.[29]

Graduation rate

In 2014, the District’s graduation rate was 87.5.[30]

According to traditional graduation rate calculations

High School

Penn Cambria High School is located at 401 Linden Avenue, Cresson. In 2014, enrollment was reported as 521 pupils in 9th through 12th grades, with 34.93% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 15.93% of pupils received special education services, while 2.7% of pupils were identified as gifted.[38] The school employed 36 teachers.[39] Per the PA Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act. Penn Cambria High School is the sole high school operated by the Penn Cambria School District.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2012, the school reported an enrollment of 527 pupils in grades 9th through 12th, with 140 pupils eligible for a federal free or reduced price lunch due to the family meeting the federal poverty level. In 2012, the School employed 36 teachers yielding a student-teacher ratio of 14:1.[40] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.[41]

2014 School Performance Profile

Penn Cambria High School achieved 87.6 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. In reading/literature - 90.9% were on grade level. In Algebra 1, 84.5% showed on grade level skills. In Biology, 78.9% demonstrated on grade level science understanding at the end of the course.[42] Statewide, the percentage of high school students who scored proficient and advanced in Algebra I increased to 39.7% to 40.1%. The percentage of high school students who scored proficient and advanced in reading/literature declined to 52.5%. The percentage of high school students who scored proficient and advanced in biology improved from 39.7% to 41.4%.[43]

According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2,134 of 2,947 Pennsylvania public schools (72 percent of Pennsylvania public schools), achieved an academic score of 70 or higher.[44] Fifty-three percent of schools statewide received lower SPP scores compared with last year's, while 46 percent improved. A handful were unchanged.[45][46]

2013 School Performance Profile

Penn Cambria High School achieved 81.7 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. In reading/literature - 86% were on grade level. In Algebra 1, 70% showed on grade level skills. In Biology, 51.5% showed on grade level science understanding.[47] According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2,181 public schools (less than 73 percent of Pennsylvania public schools), achieved an academic score of 70 or higher. Pennsylvania 11th grade students no longer take the PSSAs. Instead, beginning in 2012, they take the Keystone Exams at the end of the associated course.[48]

AYP History

In 2012, Penn Cambria High School declined to School Improvement Level I Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) status, due to lagging achievement in reading and mathematics.[49] Under the federal No Child Left Behind Act, the school administration was required by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, to develop a School Improvement Plan to address the school's lagging student achievement. Under the Pennsylvania Accountability System, the school district must pay for additional tutoring for struggling students.[50] The High School was eligible for targeted, extra funding called School Improvement Grants which the school must apply for each year.[51]

PSSA results

Pennsylvania System of School Assessments, commonly called PSSAs are No Child Left Behind Act related examinations which were administered from 2003 through 2012, in all Pennsylvania public high schools. The exams were administered in the Spring of each school year. The goal was for 100% of students to be on grade level or better in reading and mathematics, by the Spring of 2014. The tests focused on the state's Academic Standards for reading, writing, mathematics and science. The Science exam included content in science, technology, ecology and the environmental studies. The mathematics exam included: algebra I, algebra II, geometry and trigonometry. The standards were first published in 1998 and are mandated by the Pennsylvania State Board of Education.[56] In 2013, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania changed its high school assessments to the Keystone Exams in Algebra 1, Reading/literature and Biology1. The exams are given at the end of the course, rather than all in the spring of the student's 11th grade year.[57]

11th Grade Reading:

11th Grade Math:

11th Grade Science:

College Remediation Rate

According to a Pennsylvania Department of Education study released in January 2009, 12% of the Penn Cambria High School graduates required remediation in mathematics and or reading before they were prepared to take college level courses in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education or community colleges.[74][75] Less than 66% of Pennsylvania high school graduates, who enroll in a four-year college in Pennsylvania, will earn a bachelor's degree within six years. Among Pennsylvania high school graduates pursuing an associate degree, only one in three graduate in three years.[76][77] Per the Pennsylvania Department of Education, one in three recent high school graduates who attend Pennsylvania's public universities and community colleges takes at least one remedial course in math, reading or English.

Dual enrollment

Penn Cambria High School offers a dual enrollment program. This state program permits high school students to take courses, at local higher education institutions, to earn college credits. Students remain enrolled at their high school. The courses count towards high school graduation requirements and towards earning a college degree. The students continue to have full access to activities and programs at their high school. The college credits are offered at a deeply discounted rate. Penn Cambria School District has a contract with Mount Aloysius College and St. Francis University to offer these courses. The state offered a small grant to assist students in costs for tuition, fees and books.[78] Under the Pennsylvania Transfer and Articulation Agreement, many Pennsylvania colleges and universities accept these credits for students who transfer to their institutions.[79] Under state rules, other students that reside in the district, who attend a private school, a charter school or are home schooled are eligible to participate in this program.[80] In his 2010-11 budget, Governor Edward Rendell eliminated the grants to students, from the Commonwealth, due to a state budget crisis. For the 2009-10 funding year, Penn Cambria School District received a state grant of $3,449 for the program.[81]

AP Courses Penn Cambria High School did not offer Advanced Placement (AP) courses in 2013 or 2014.

Graduation requirements

Among Pennsylvania's 500 public school districts, graduation requirements widely vary. The Penn Cambria School Board has determined that a pupil must earn 26 credits to graduate, including: a required class every year in English, social studies, science, math 4 or 5 credits, arts/humanities 3 credits, computer science 1 credit, Physical Education/health 2 credits and electives 3 credits.

For nearly two decades, all Pennsylvania secondary school students were required to complete a project as a part of their eligibility to graduate from high school. The type of project, its rigor and its expectations are set by the individual school district.[82] Effective with the graduating class of 2017, the Pennsylvania State Board of Education eliminated the state mandate that students complete a culminating project in order to graduate.[83]

By Pennsylvania State School Board regulations, beginning with the class of 2017, public school students must demonstrate successful completion of secondary level course work in Algebra I, Biology, and English Literature by passing the respective Keystone Exams for each course.[84] The exam is given at the end of the course. Keystone Exams replace the PSSAs for 11th grade.[85]

Students have several opportunities to pass the exam. Schools are mandated to provide targeted assistance to help the student be successful. Those who do not pass after several attempts can perform a project in order to graduate.[86][87] For the class of 2019, a Composition exam will be added. For the class of 2020, passing a civics and government exam will be added to the graduation requirements.[88] In 2011, Pennsylvania high school students field tested the Algebra 1, Biology and English Lit exams. The statewide results were: Algebra 1 38% on grade level, Biology 35% on grade level and English Lit - 49% on grade level.[89] Individual student, school or district reports were not made public, although they were reported to district officials by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Students identified as having special needs and qualifying for an Individual Educational Program (IEP) may graduate by meeting the requirements of their IEP.

Challenge Program

The Challenge Program offers $250.00 cash incentives to Penn Cambria High School students who excel in the categories of: Academic Improvement, Attendance, Community Service and Academic Excellence. The program partners with businesses to motivate students both in and out of the classroom by encouraging good habits in students that will last throughout their education and into their future careers. For the 2010-2011 school year, the top 10% of students in each of the categories will be eligible to win $250.00.[90]

SAT scores

In 2014, 91 Penn Cambria School District students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 483. The Math average score was 485. The Writing average score was 451.[91][92] Statewide in Pennsylvania, Verbal Average Score was 497. The Math average score was 504. The Writing average score was 480. The College Board also reported that nationwide scores were: 497 in reading, 513 in math and 487 in writing.[93] In 2014, 1,672,395 students took the SATs in the United States.

In 2013, 91 Penn Cambria School District students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 488. The Math average score was 496. The Writing average score was 457. The College Board reported that statewide scores were: 494 in reading, 504 in math and 482 in writing. The nationwide SAT results were the same as in 2012.[94]

In 2012, 84 Penn Cambria School District students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 483. The Math average score was 498. The Writing average score was 455. The statewide Verbal SAT exams results were: Verbal 491, Math 501, Writing 480. In the USA, 1.65 million students took the exams achieving scores: Verbal 496, Math 514, Writing 488. According to the College Board the maximum score on each section was 800, and 360 students nationwide scored a perfect 2,400.

In 2011, 79 Penn Cambria School District students took the SAT exams. The District's Verbal Average Score was 454. The Math average score was 489. The Writing average score was 430.[95] Pennsylvania ranked 40th among states with SAT scores: Verbal - 493, Math - 501, Writing - 479.[96] In the United States, 1.65 million students took the exam in 2011. They averaged 497 (out of 800) verbal, 514 math and 489 in writing.[97]

The Center for Rural Pennsylvania, a research arm of the Pennsylvania General Assembly, compared the SAT data of students in rural areas of Pennsylvania to students in urban areas. From 2003 to 2005, the average total SAT score for students in rural Pennsylvania was 992, while urban students averaged 1,006. During the same period, 28 percent of 11th and 12th graders in rural school districts took the exam, compared to 32 percent of urban students in the same grades. The average math and verbal scores were 495 and 497, respectively, for rural students, while urban test-takers averaged 499 and 507, respectively. Pennsylvania’s SAT composite score ranked low on the national scale in 2004. The composite SAT score of 1,003 left Pennsylvania ranking 44 out of the 50 states and Washington, DC.[98] The Pennsylvania Department of Education reported that 71 percent of students in rural areas of Pennsylvania chose to continue their education after high school in 2003, whereas 79 percent of urban high school graduates opted to continue their education.

Middle school

Penn Cambria Middle School is located at 401 Division Street, Gallitzin. In 2014, enrollment was 542 pupils, in grades 5th through 8th, with 39% of pupils eligible for a free lunch due to family poverty. Additionally, 18% of pupils received special education services, while 1.5% of pupils were identified as gifted.[99] According to a 2014 report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.[100] Penn Cambria Middle School uses the Accelerated Reader program to strengthen reading skills.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2012, Penn Cambria Middle School reported an enrollment of 548 pupils, in grades 5th through 8th, with 201 pupils receiving a federal free or reduced price lunch due to family poverty. The school employed 34 teachers yielding a student-teacher ratio of 15:1.[101] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under No Child Left Behind.[102]

2014 School Performance Profile

Penn Cambria Middle School achieved 87 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, mathematics and science achievement. In reading/literature - 74.8% were reading on grade level. In Algebra 1/Math, 80.9% showed on grade level mathematics skills. In Science, 66% of 8th graders showed on grade level science understanding. In writing, 81% of the 5th and 8th grade students demonstrated on grade level writing skills.[103]

2013 School Performance Profile

Penn Cambria Middle School achieved 78.2 out of 100. Reflects on grade level reading, writing, mathematics and science achievement. In reading, just 74% of the students were reading on grade level. In Mathematics/Algebra 1, 81% of the students showed on grade level skills. In Science, only 70% of the 8th graders demonstrated on grade level understanding. In writing, 76.7% of the 5th and 8th grade students demonstrated on grade level writing skills.[104]

AYP History

In 2011 and 2012, Penn Cambria Middle School achieved AYP status.[105] From 2008 through 2010, Penn Cambria Middle School achieved AYP status each school year. In 2007, the School declined to Warning AYP status due to lagging student achievement.[106] From 2003-2006, Penn Cambria Middle School achieved AYP status each year.

PSSA Results:

Fifth graders are tested in reading, math and writing. Testing of 5th grade began as a state initiative in 1995. Sixth and seventh grades have been tested in reading and mathematics since 2006 (NCLB). Eighth graders are tested in: reading, writing, mathematics and Science. Beginning in the Spring of 2013, eighth graders, who are enrolled in Algebra I take the Keystone Exam for Algebra I at the end of the course. The testing of 8th grade in reading and mathematics began in 1995, as a state initiative.[107] Testing in science began in 2007. The goal is for 100% of students to be on grade level or better in reading and mathematics, by the Spring of 2014. The tests focus on the state's Academic Standards for reading, writing, mathematics and science.[108] The standards were published in 1998 and are mandated by the Pennsylvania State Board of Education.[109] In 2014, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania adopted the Pennsylvania Core Standards - Mathematics.[110]

8th Grade Reading:

  • 2012 - 92% on grade level (3% below basic). In Pennsylvania, 79% of 8th graders on grade level.[111]
  • 2011 - 94% (4% below basic) State - 81.8%[112]
  • 2010 - 86% (8% below basic). State - 81%
  • 2009 - 85% (6% below basic), State - 80%
  • 2008 - 83% (8% below basic), State - 78% [113]
  • 2007 - 77% (9% below basic), State - 75%

8th Grade Math:

  • 2012 - 97% on grade level (0% below basic). State - 76% [114]
  • 2011 - 97% (0% below basic). State - 76.9%
  • 2010 - 97% (2% below basic). State - 75% [115]
  • 2009 - 84% (1% below basic). State - 71% [116]
  • 2008 - 89% (6% below basic). State - 70%
  • 2007 - 85% (8% below basic). State - 68%

8th Grade Science:

7th Grade Reading:

  • 2012 - 93% (1% below basic). State - 76%
  • 2011 - 90% (5% below basic). State - 76%
  • 2010 - 92% (6% below basic). State - 73% [121]
  • 2009 - 78% (10% below basic). State - 71%[122]
  • 2008 - 83% (6% below basic). State - 70%[123]
  • 2007 - 76% (9% below basic). State - 67%[124]

7th Grade Math:

  • 2012 - 98% (0% below basic). State - 80%
  • 2011 - 97% (1% below basic). State - 78.6%
  • 2010 - 89% (4% below basic). State - 77%
  • 2009 - 85% (8% below basic), State - 75%
  • 2008 - 79% (9% below basic), State - 71%
  • 2007 - 77% (11% below basic), State - 67%

6th Grade Reading:

  • 2012 - 82% (2% below basic). State - 68%
  • 2011 - 74% (4% below basic). State - 69.9%
  • 2010 - 64% (16% below basic). State - 68%
  • 2009 - 74% (8% below basic), State - 67%
  • 2008 - 63% (18% below basic), State - 67%
  • 2007 - 57% (12% below basic), State - 63%

6th Grade Math:

  • 2012 - 84% (2% below basic). State - 77%
  • 2011 - 79% (8% below basic). State - 78.8%
  • 2010 - 77% (8% below basic). State - 78%
  • 2009 - 77% (8% below basic), State - 75%
  • 2008 - 63% (15% below basic), State - 72%
  • 2007 - 59% (16% below basic), State - 69%

5th Grade Reading:

  • 2012 - 80% (9% below basic). State - 65%
  • 2011 - 73% (9% below basic). State - 67.3%
  • 2010 - 62% (15% below basic). State - 64%
  • 2009 - 63% (15% below basic). State - 64%
5th Grade Math
  • 2012 - 86% (6% below basic). State - 73%
  • 2011 - 79% (3% below basic). State - 74%
  • 2010 - 72% (5% below basic). State - 76.3%
  • 2009 - 77% (12% below basic). State - 73%

Dropout Early Warning System

In 2013, Penn Cambria School District has not implemented the state's dropout prevention Early Warning System and Interventions Catalog at the middle school.[125] The process identifies students at risk for droping out by examining the pupil’s: attendance, behavior and course grades. Interventions are implemented to assist at-risk pupils to remain in school. The program is funded by federal and private dollars.[126]

Intermediate school

Penn Cambria Intermediate School is located at 376 Wood Street, Lilly. In 2014, the School's enrollment was 271 pupils in grades 3rd and 4th, with 43% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced price meals due to family poverty. Additionally, 17% of the pupils receive special education services, while none are identified as gifted.[127] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 97% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind.[128] The school is a federally designated Title I school.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2012, enrollment was 273 pupils in grades 3rd and 4h, with 110 pupils receiving a free or reduced price lunch. The School employed 20 teachers yielding a student-teacher ratio of 13:1.[129] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 3% of its teachers were rated "Non‐Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act.[130]

2014 School Performance Profile

Penn Cambria Intermediate School achieved a score of 78.3 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2013-14, 80% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd and 4th. In 3rd grade, 78% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 90% were on grade level (3rd-4th grades). In 4th grade science, 92% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding.[131]

2013 School Performance Profile

Penn Cambria Intermediate School achieved a score of 75.1 out of 100. The score reflects on grade level: reading, science, writing and mathematics achievement. In 2012-13, 81% of the students were reading on grade level in grades 3rd and 4th. In 3rd grade, 87% of the pupils were reading on grade level. In math, 90.7% were on grade level (3rd-4th grades). In 4th grade science, just 82% of the pupils demonstrated on grade level understanding.[132]

AYP status history

In 2012, Penn Cambria Intermediate School declined to Warning AYP status, due to lagging reading achievement.[133] In 2011, Penn Cambria Intermediate School achieved Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) status.[134]

PSSA History

Each year, in the Spring, the 3rd graders take the PSSAs in math and reading. The fourth grade is tested in reading, math and science. PSSAs are No Child Left Behind Act related examinations which were administered beginning 2003 to all Pennsylvania public school students in grades 3rd-8th.[138] The goal was for 100% of students to be on grade level or better in reading and mathematics, by the Spring of 2014.[139][140][141] The tests focused on the state's Academic Standards for reading, writing, mathematics and science. The Science exam is given to 4th grades and includes content in science, technology, ecology and the environmental studies.[142]

5th Grade Reading:

  • 2008 - 63% (11% below basic). State - 62%[143]
  • 2007 - 64% (19% below basic). State - 60%[144]
5th Grade Math
  • 2008 - 84% (10% below basic). State - 73%
  • 2007 - 66% (12% below basic). State - 71%

4th Grade Reading
  • 2012 - 82% (7% below basic). State - 72%[145]
  • 2011 - 86% (4% below basic). State - 73%[146]
  • 2010 - 70% (14% below basic). State - 73%[147]
  • 2009 - 76% (11% below basic). State - 72%[148]
  • 2008 - 63% (11% below basic). State - 70%
  • 2007 - 78% (6% below basic). State - 60%
4th Grade Math
  • 2012 - 87% (8% below basic). State - 82%
  • 2011 - 97% (1% below basic). State - 85%
  • 2010 - 92% (4% below basic). State - 84%
  • 2009 - 73% (9% below basic). State - 81%
  • 2008 - 84% (3% below basic). State - 80%
  • 2007 - 86% (5% below basic). State - 78%

4th Grade Science

3rd Grade Reading
  • 2012 - 79%, (11% below basic). State - 74% [149]
  • 2011 - 79%, (18% below basic). State - 77%
  • 2010 - 74%, (10% below basic). State - 75%
  • 2009 - 71%, (21% below basic). State - 77%
3rd Grade Math
  • 2012 - 91%, (4% below basic). State - 80%
  • 2011 - 85%, (8% below basic). State - 83%
  • 2010 - 91%, (5% below basic). State - 84%
  • 2009 - 77%, (12% below basic). State - 81%

Primary school

Penn Cambria Primary School is located at 400 Main Street, Lilly. In 2014, the School's enrollment was 277 pupils in grades 1st and 2nd, with 45.8% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced price meals due to family poverty. Additionally, 16.6% of the pupils receive special education services, while less than 1% are identified as gifted.[150] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind.[151] The school is a federally designated Title I school.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2012, enrollment was 263 pupils in grades 1st and 2nd, with 107 pupils receiving a free or reduced price lunch. The School employed 18 teachers yielding a student-teacher ratio of 14:1.[152] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act.[153]

AYP status

This school is considered a Feeder School by the state. This means it provides grades below 3rd grade. It does not administer PSSAs to its pupils. Since this school feeds into schools that are held accountable because of their 3rd grade PSSA results, this school receives AYP results based on the district's results. In 2008 and earlier, the school provided 3rd grade which was tested in reading and mathematics. In those years the school achieved AYP status 2003 to 2008.[154]

PSSA results:

3rd Grade Reading
  • 2008 - 78%, (12% below basic). State - 70%[155]
  • 2007 - 81%, (12% below basic). State - 72%[156]
3rd Grade Math
  • 2008 - 81%, (5% below basic). State - 80%
  • 2007 - 85%, (6% below basic). State - 78%

Pre-Primary School

Penn Cambria Pre-Primary School is located at 205 6th Street, Cresson. In 2014, the School's enrollment was 144 pupils in preschool and kindergarten, with 43.7% of pupils receiving a federal free or reduced price meals due to family poverty. None of the pupils receive special education services and none were identified as gifted.[157] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of the teachers were rated highly qualified under No Child Left Behind. The school provides full day kindergarten. The district has provided full day kindergarten since 2003 using state grant dollars.[158] The school is not a federally designated Title I school.

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, in 2012, enrollment was 172 pupils in preschool and kindergarten, with 74 pupils receiving a free or reduced price lunch. The School employed 9.7 teachers yielding a student-teacher ratio of 17:1.[159] According to a report by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 100% of its teachers were rated "Non‐Highly Qualified" under the federal No Child Left Behind Act.[160] The school provided full day kindergarten to all its pupils.[161] The school was a federally designated Title I school. In 2007-08, the school provided kindergarten and first grade.[162]

Special education

In December 2013, the District administration reported that 291 pupils or 16.5% of the district's pupils received Special Education services, with 47% of the identified students having a specific learning disability.[163] In December 2009, the District administration reported that 280 pupils or 16% of the district's pupils received Special Education services, with 53% of the identified students having a specific learning disability. Special education services in the Commonwealth are provided to students from ages three years to 21 years old. In the 2010-2011 school year, the total student enrollment was more than 1.78 million students with approximately 275,000 students eligible for special education services. Among these students 18,959 were identified with mental retardation and 21,245 students with autism.[164] The largest group of students are identified as Specific Learning Disabilities 126,026 students (46.9 percent) and Speech or Language Impairments with 43,542 students (16.2 percent).

In 2007, Pennsylvania Secretary of Education Gerald Zahorchak testified before the Pennsylvania House Education Committee regarding full day kindergarten. He claimed that districts which offered the program would see a significant decrease in special education students due to early identification and early intervention. He asserted the high cost of full day kindergarten would be recouped by Districts in lower special education costs.[165] Penn Cambria School District has seen an increase in the percentage of special education students it serves, yielding no savings.

In order to comply with state and federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act rules and regulations, the school district engages in identification procedures to ensure that eligible students receive an appropriate educational program consisting of special education and related services, individualized to meet student needs. At no cost to the parents, these services are provided in compliance with state and federal law; and are reasonably calculated to yield meaningful educational benefit and student progress.[166] To identify students who may be eligible for special education services, various screening activities are conducted on an ongoing basis. These screening activities include: review of group-based data (cumulative records, enrollment records, health records, report cards, ability and achievement test scores); hearing, vision, motor, and speech/language screening; and review by the Special Education administration.[167] When screening results suggest that the student may be eligible, the District seeks parental consent to conduct a multidisciplinary evaluation. Parents who suspect their child is eligible may verbally request a multidisciplinary evaluation from a professional employee of the District or contact the district's Special Education Department.[168][169][170] The IDEA 2004 requires each school entity to publish a notice to parents, in newspapers or other media, including the student handbook and website regarding the availability of screening and intervention services and how to access them.

In 2010, the state of Pennsylvania provided $1,026,815,000 for Special Education services. This funding was in addition to the state's basic education per pupil funding, as well as, all other state and federal funding.[171] The Special Education funding structure is through the federal Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) funds and state appropriations. IDEA funds are appropriated to the state on an annual basis and distributed through intermediate units (IUs) to school districts, while state funds are distributed directly to the districts. Total funds that are received by school districts are calculated through a formula. The Pennsylvania Department of Education oversees four appropriations used to fund students with special needs: Special Education; Approved Private Schools; Pennsylvania Chartered Schools for the Deaf and Blind; and Early Intervention. The Pennsylvania Special Education funding system assumes that 16% of the district’s students receive special education services. It also assumes that each student’s needs accrue the same level of costs.[172] Over identification of students, in order to increase state funding, has been an issue in the Commonwealth. Some districts have more than 20% of its students receiving special education services while others have 10% supported through special education.[173] The state requires each public school district and charter school to have a three-year special education plan to meet the unique needs of its special education students.[174] In 2012, the Obama Administration's US Department of Education issued a directive requiring schools include students with disabilities in extracurricular activities, including sports.[175]

The Penn Cambria School District received a $1,147,929 supplement for special education services in 2010.[176] For the 2011-12, 2012–13 and 2013-14 school years, all Pennsylvania public school districts received the same level of funding for special education that they received in 2010-11. This level funding is provided regardless of changes in the number of pupils who need special education services and regardless of the level of services the respective students required.[177][178] For the 2014-2015 school year, PCSD received an increase to $1,167,239 from the Commonwealth for special education funding.[179] Additionally, the state provides supplemental funding for extraordinarily impacted students. The District must apply for this added funding.

In 2013, the state's Special Education Funding Reform Commission provided a report on the state of funding for special education in the Commonwealth.[180] Funding for special education programs is borne largely on a local basis at 60%, with the state contributing $1 billion or 30% and the federal government providing 10% of the funding.

Gifted education

The Penn Cambria District Administration reported that 36 or 2.08% of its students were gifted in 2009. The highest percentage of gifted students reported among all 500 school districts and 100 public charter schools in Pennsylvania was North Allegheny School District with 15.5% of its students identified as gifted.[181] By law, the district must provide mentally gifted programs at all grade levels. The referral process for a gifted evaluation can be initiated by teachers or parents by contacting the student’s building principal and requesting an evaluation. All requests must be made in writing. To be eligible for mentally gifted programs in Pennsylvania, a student must have a cognitive ability of at least 130 as measured on a standardized ability test by a certified school psychologist. Other factors that indicate giftedness will also be considered for eligibility.[182][183]

Budget

Pennsylvania public school districts budget and expend funds according to procedures mandated by the General Assembly and the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE). An annual operating budget is prepared by school district administrative officials. A uniform form is furnished by the PDE and submitted to the board of school directors for approval prior to the beginning of each fiscal year on July 1.

Under Pennsylvania’s Taxpayer Relief Act, Act 1 of the Special Session of 2006, all school districts of the first class A, second class, third class and fourth class must adopt a preliminary budget proposal. The proposal must include estimated revenues and expenditures and the proposed tax rates. This proposed budget must be considered by the Board no later than 90 days prior to the date of the election immediately preceding the fiscal year. The preliminary budget proposal must also be printed and made available for public inspection at least 20 days prior to its adoption. The board of school directors may hold a public hearing on the budget, but are not required to do so. The board must give at least 10 days’ public notice of its intent to adopt the final budget according to Act 1 of 2006.[184]

In 2013, the average teacher salary in Penn Cambria School District was $53,008 a year.[185] The District employed 203 teachers with a top salary of $119,189.[186][187] Penn Cambria School District teacher and administrator retirement benefits are equal to at least 2.00% x Final Average Salary x Total Credited Service. (Some teachers benefits utilize a 2.50% benefit factor.)[188] After 40 years of service, a teacher can retire with 100% of the average salary of their final 3 years of employment. According to a study conducted at the American Enterprise Institute, in 2011, public school teachers’ total compensation is roughly 50 percent higher than they would likely receive in the private sector. The study found that the most generous benefits that teachers receive are not accounted for in many studies of compensation including: pension, retiree health benefits and job security.[189]

In 2009, the Penn Cambria School District reported employing 147 teachers and administrators with a median salary of $52,085 and a top salary of $106,475.[190] The teacher’s work day is 7.5 hours including a 30-minute work day, with 185 days in the contract year. Teachers are schedule one preparation period per day. The teachers receive a defined benefit pension, health insurance, 5 paid bereavement days, professional development reimbursement, 3 paid personal days, 10 paid sick days, sabbatical leave of up to one year at one half their salary and continued benefits and other benefits.[191]

Administrative costs Penn Cambria School District administrative costs per pupil in 2008 was $803.40 per pupil. The lowest administrative cost per pupil in Pennsylvania was $398 per pupil.[192] The Pennsylvania School Boards Association collects and maintains statistics on salaries of public school district employees in Pennsylvania. Superintendents and administrators receive a benefit package commensurate with that offered to the district's teachers' union.[193]

Per pupil spending In 2008, the Penn Cambria School District administration reported that per pupil spending was $11,612 which ranked 324th among Pennsylvania's then 501 public school districts. By 2010, the District’s per pupil spending had increased to $12,663.31.[194] In 2013, the per pupil spending was reported as $11,927.53.[195] In 2011, Pennsylvania’s per pupil spending was $13,467, ranking 6th in the United States.[196] In 2007, the Pennsylvania per pupil total expenditures was reported as $12,759.[197]

The U.S. Census Bureau reported that Pennsylvania spent $8,191 per pupil in school year 2000-01.[198] In 2007, the Pennsylvania per pupil total expenditures was reported as $12,759.[199] Among the fifty states, Pennsylvania’s total per pupil revenue (including all sources) ranked 11th at $15,023 per student, in 2008-09.[200] Pennsylvania’s total revenue per pupil rose to $16,186 ranking 9th in the nation in 2011.[201]

Reserves In 2008, Penn Cambria School District reported a balance of $2,751,950, in its unreserved-designated fund. The unreserved-undesignated fund balance was reported as $1,649,727.[202] In 2010, Penn Cambria School District Administration reported $1,750,811 in the unreserved-undesignated fund balance. The District also reported $5,000,000 in its unreserved-designated fund in 2010. Pennsylvania public school district reserve funds are divided into two categories – designated and undesignated. The undesignated funds are not committed to any planned project. Designated funds and any other funds, such as capital reserves, are allocated to specific projects. School districts are required by state law to keep 5 percent of their annual spending in the undesignated reserve funds to preserve bond ratings. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, from 2003 to 2010, as a whole, Pennsylvania school districts amassed nearly $3 billion in reserved funds.[203] In 2005, the total reserve funds held by Pennsylvania public school districts was $1.9 billion.[204] By 2013, reserves held by Pennsylvania public school districts, as a whole, had increased to over $3.8 billion.[205][206][207]

Audit In January 2013, the Pennsylvania Auditor General conducted a performance audit of the District. The findings were reported to the School Board and the District’s administration.[208] The District was also audited by the state in March 2010.[209]

Tuition Students who live in the District's attendance area may choose to attend one of Pennsylvania's 157 public charter schools. A student living in a neighboring public school district or a foreign exchange student may seek admission to Area School District. For these cases, the Pennsylvania Department of Education sets an annual tuition rate for each school district. It is the amount the public school district pays to a charter school for each resident student that attends the charter and it is the amount a nonresident student's parents must pay to attend the District's schools. The 2013 tuition rates are Elementary School - $7,437, High School - $8,849.[210]

Penn Cambria School District is funded by a combination of: a local earned income tax 1%,[211] a Local Services Tax, 2 per capita taxes, an Occupation tax, a business privilege tax, a property tax, a real estate transfer tax 0.5%, coupled with substantial funding from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and a small amount, generally 10% of its budget from the federal government.[212] Grants can provide an opportunity to supplement school funding without raising local taxes. Interest earnings on accounts also provide nontax income to the District. In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, pension income and Social Security income are exempted from state personal income tax and local earned income tax, regardless of the level of the individual’s personal wealth.[213] The average Pennsylvania public school teacher pension in 2011 exceeds $60,000 a year plus they receive federal Social Security benefits: both are free of Pennsylvania state income tax and local income tax which funds local public schools.[214]

State basic education funding

According to a report from Representative Todd Stephens office, Penn Cambria School District receives 64.8% of its annual revenue from the state.[215] This exceeds the education advocates stated goal of the Commonwealth providing 50% of district funding.[216]

For the 2014-15 school year, Penn Cambria School District received $9,299,669 in State Basic Education funding. The District received an additional $124,043 in new Ready To Learn Block grant. The State’s enacted Education Budget includes $5,526,129,000 for the 2014-2015 Basic Education Funding.[217] The Education budget also includes Accountability Block Grant funding at $100 million and $241 million in new Ready to Learn funding for public schools that focus on student achievement and academic success. The State is paying $500.8 million to Social Security on the school employees behalf and another $1.16 billion to the state teachers pension system (PSERS). In total, Pennsylvania’s Education budget for K-12 public schools is $10 billion. This was a $305 million increase over 2013-2014 state spending and the greatest amount ever allotted by the Commonwealth for its public schools.[218]

In the 2013-2014 school year, the Penn Cambria School District received a 1.4% increase or $9,296,449 in Pennsylvania Basic Education Funding. This is $126,618 more than its 2012-13 state BEF to the District. Additionally, Penn Cambria School District received $121,843 in Accountability Block Grant (ABG) funding to focus on academic achievement and level funding for special education services. Among the public school districts in Cambria County, Westmont Hilltop School District received the highest percentage increase in BEF at 2.5%. The District had the option of applying for several other state and federal grants to increase revenues. The Commonwealth’s budget increased Basic Education Funding statewide by $123 million to over $5.5 billion. Most of Pennsylvania’s 500 public school districts received an increase of Basic Education Funding in a range of 0.9% to 4%. Eight public school districts received exceptionally high funding increases of 10% to 16%. The highest increase in state funding was awarded to Austin Area School District which received a 22.5% increase in Basic Education Funding.[219] The highest percent of state spending per student is in the Chester-Upland district, where roughly 78 percent comes from state coffers. In Philadelphia, it is nearly 49 percent.[220] As a part of the education budget, the state provided the PSERS (Pennsylvania school employee pension fund) with $1,017,000,000 and Social Security payments for school employees of $495 million.[221]

For the 2012-13 school year, Penn Cambria School District received $9,169,831.13.[222] The Governor's Executive Budget for 2012-2013 included $9.34 billion for kindergarten through 12th grade public education, including $5.4 billion in basic education funding, which was an increase of $49 million over the 2011-12 budget. In addition, the Commonwealth provided $100 million for the Accountability Block Grant (ABG) program. Penn Cambria School District received $121,843 in Accountability Block Grant funding. The State also provided a $544.4 million payment for School Employees’ Social Security and $856 million for School Employees’ Retirement fund called PSERS.[223] This amount was a $21,823,000 increase (0.34%) over the 2011-2012 appropriations for Basic Education Funding, School Employees' Social Security, Pupil Transportation, Nonpublic and Charter School Pupil Transportation. Since taking office, Corbett’s first two budgets have restored more than $918 million in support of public schools, compensating for the $1 billion in federal stimulus dollars lost at the end of the 2010-11 school year.

For the 2011-12 school year, Penn Cambria School District received a $9,169,831.13 allocation, of state Basic Education Funding.[224][225] Additionally, the Penn Cambria School District received $330,711 in Accountability Block Grant funding. The enacted Pennsylvania state Education budget included $5,354,629,000 for the 2011-2012 Basic Education Funding appropriation. This amount was a $233,290,000 increase (4.6%) over the enacted State appropriation for 2010-2011.[226] The highest increase in state basic education funding was awarded to Duquesne City School District of Allegheny County, which got a 49% increase in state funding for 2011-12.[227] In 2010, the district reported that 627 students received free or reduced price lunches, due to the family meeting the federal poverty level.[228] Some Pennsylvania public school districts experienced a reduction of total funding due to the termination of federal stimulus funding which ended in 2011.

In the 2010-11 budget year, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided a 3.92% increase in Basic Education Funding for a total of $9,867,036. Among the districts in Cambria County, the highest increase went to Westmont Hilltop School District which got a 10.14% increase. One hundred fifty Pennsylvania school districts received the base 2% increase. The highest increase in 2010-11 went to Kennett Consolidated School District in Chester County, which received a 23.65% increase in state funding.[229] Fifteen (15) Pennsylvania public school districts received a BEF increase of greater than 10%. The state's hold harmless policy regarding state basic education funding continued where each district received at least the same amount as it received the prior school year, even when enrollment had significantly declined. The amount of increase each school district received was set by Governor Edward Rendell and then Secretary of Education Gerald Zahorchak, as a part of the state budget proposal given each February. This was the second year of Governor Rendell’s policy to fund some public school districts at a far greater rate than others.[230]

In the 2009-10 budget year, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided a 3.54% increase in Basic Education Funding for a total of $9,494,415. Among the districts in Cambria County, the highest increase went to Westmont Hilltop School District which got a 8.22%. Ninety (90) Pennsylvania public school districts received the base 2% increase. Muhlenberg School District in Berks County received a 22.31% increase in state basic education funding in 2009.[231] The amount of increase each school district received was set by Governor Edward G. Rendell and the Secretary of Education Gerald Zahorchak, as a part of the state budget proposal.[232]

The state Basic Education Funding to the Penn Cambria School District in 2008-09 was $9,169,831. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 712 district students received free or reduced- price lunches due to low family income in the 2007–2008 school year.[233] According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Pennsylvania spent $7,824 Per Pupil in the year 2000. This amount increased up to $12,085 by the year 2008.[234][235]

All Pennsylvania public school districts also receive additional funding from the state through several funding allocations, including: Reimbursement of Charter School Expenditures; Special Education Funding; Secondary Career & Technical Education Subsidy; PA Accountability Grants; and low achieving schools were eligible for Educational Assistance Program Funding. Plus all Pennsylvania school districts receive federal dollars for various programs including: Special Education funding and Title I funding for children from low income families. In 2010, Pennsylvania spent over $24 billion for public education - local, state and federal dollars combined.[236] By 2015, Pennsylvania was spending over $27 billion on public education (local, state and federal resources combined).[237]

Accountability Block Grants

Beginning in 2004-2005, the state launched the Accountability Block Grant school funding. This program has provided $1.5 billion to Pennsylvania’s school districts. The Accountability Block Grant program requires that its taxpayer dollars are focused on specific interventions that are most likely to increase student academic achievement. These interventions include: teacher skills training; All Day Kindergarten; lower class size in Kindergarten through 3rd grade; literacy and math coaching programs (provides teachers with individualized job-embedded professional development to improve their instruction); before or after school tutoring assistance to struggling students. For 2010-11, the Penn Cambria School District applied for and received $330,711 in addition to all other state and federal funding. The District used the funding to provide full-day kindergarten.[238][239] In 2009, 100% of the kindergarteners in Penn Cambria School District attended full-day kindergarten.[240] In 2011-2012 and 2012-2013, the District received $121,843.[241]

Ready to Learn grant

Beginning in the 2014-2015 budget, the State funded a new Ready to Learn Grant for public schools. A total of $100 million is allocated through a formula to districts based on the number of students, level of poverty of community as calculated by its market value/personal income aid ratio (MV/PI AR) and the number of English language learners. Ready to Learn Block Grant funds may be used by the Districts for: school safety; Ready by 3 early childhood intervention programs; individualized learning programs; and science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) programs.[242] Penn Cambria School District received $124,043 in Ready to Learn Grant dollars in addition to State Basic Education funding, Special Education funding, PreK Counts funding, reimbursement for Social Security payments for employees and other state grants which the district must apply to receive.

PreK Counts grant

Penn Cambria School District receives state funding to provide taxpayer funded preschool at the elementary schools. For the 2013-14 school year, Penn Cambria received a Pre K Counts grant of $133,620.[243] For the 2011 school year, Penn Cambria School District was a high priority for funding due to the 39% poverty level of children in the district's attendance area.[244][245][246] Enrollment for Pennsylvania Pre-K Counts is targeted to children living in families earning up to 300 percent of the federal poverty level.

In 2013, the state’s PreK Counts program received $87,284,000. In 2010, the PreK Counts program received $83.6 million statewide in Governor Corbett’s education budget. In 2007-08 the state funded Pre-K Counts at $75 million. Penn Cambria School District received state funding in 2007-08.[247] In 2009-10, the District received $120,955 to provide preschool to 24 children.[248][249]

In addition to PreK Counts, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania also supplements the federal Head Start preschool program with an additional funding on an annual basis. The program is available to low income children residing within the District through private providers. In 2013, Pennsylvania contributed $39,178,000 to Head Start. In 2010, Head Start received $37.6 million in Pennsylvania state education dollars. Since 2003, Pennsylvania has more than doubled the number of preschoolers in publicly funded pre-kindergarten through a mulipronged system including: school-based pre-kindergarten, Pennsylvania Pre-K Counts through private providers, Early Intervention, Head Start and Head Start Supplemental, and the school district’s use of Accountability Block Grants. Over 100,000 Pennsylvania preschoolers participate in state taxpayer funded pre-kindergarten programs. In 2013, the federal government spent $8 billion for preschool programs nationwide.[250] In 2013, Pennsylvania was awarded a $51.7 million federl grant to fund early learning programs.[251] The funding will be used to create 50 Early Childhood Education Community Innovation Zones in areas where the lowest-performing public schools, including charter schools, exist. The federal dollars were not be used to provide seats for children in preschools. Instead the money was used to build state bureaucray and added training for teachers/providers.[252]

Classrooms for the Future grant

The Classroom for the Future state program provided districts with hundreds of thousands of extra state funding to buy laptop computers for each core curriculum high school class (English, Science, History, Math) and paid for teacher training to optimize the computers use. The program was funded from 2006 to 2009. The Penn Cambria School District received $99,449, in 2006-07. The District received another $241,143, in 2007-08. Finally, the district received $26,468 in 2008-09.[253] Among the public school districts in Cambria County, the highest award was given to Greater Johnstown School District which received $463,166. The highest funding statewide was awarded to Philadelphia City School District in Philadelphia County - $9,409,073. The grant program was discontinued by Governor Edward Rendell as part of the 2009-10 state budget.

Environmental Education Grant

The Environmental Education Grant Program was established by the Environmental Education Act of 1993, which mandates that 5 percent of all pollution fines and penalties collected annually by the Department of Environmental Protection be set aside for environmental education. In 2012, Penn Cambria School District was awarded $2,950.[254]

Literacy Grant

Penn Cambria School District was awarded a $280,332 competitive literacy grant. It is to be used to improve reading skills birth through 12th grade. The district was required to develop a lengthly literacy plan, which included outreach into the community. The funds come from a Striving Readers Comprehensive Literacy grant, also referred to as the Keystones to Opportunity grant It is a five-year, competitive federal grant program designed to assist local education agencies in developing and implementing local comprehensive literacy plans. Of the 329 pre-applications by school districts reviewed by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, School District was one of only 148 entities that were invited to submit a full application. In Cambria County, one other school district was awarded funding for one year.[255] The funds must be used for teacher training, student screening and assessment, targeted interventions for students reading below grade level and research-based methods of improving classroom instruction and practice. Districts must hire literacy coaches. The coaches work with classroom teachers to enhance their literacy teaching skills. Pennsylvania was among six other states, out of the 35 that applied, to be awarded funding. Pennsylvania received $38 million through the federal program. The Department of Education reserved 5% of the grant for administration costs at the state level. The top Pennsylvania grant recipient was Pittsburgh School District which was awarded $1,9983,014.

Education Assistance Grant

The state's EAP funding provides for the continuing support of tutoring services and other programs to address the academic needs of eligible students. Funds are available to eligible school districts and full-time career and technology centers (CTC) in which one or more schools have failed to meet at least one academic performance target, as provided for in Section 1512-C of the Pennsylvania Public School Code. In 2010-11, Penn Cambria School District received $40,501.[256] In 2003-04, Governor Rendell signed into law the EAP for targeted tutoring at a funding level of $38 million. Almost 35,000 students in 82 academically challenged school districts received extra help in the first year. The program was continued at the same funding level in 2004-05. In 2005-06, the program received $66 million in funding and expanded to support tutoring in 175 school districts and Career and Technical Centers.

Project 720

Project 720 was a high school reform program implemented for three years under the Rendell administration. The intent was to increase academic rigor and improve the instruction of teachers in the Commonwealth’s high schools. Teachers were expected to use data driven instructional practices and to meet the needs of diverse learners.[257] The 720 in the name referred to the number of days a student was in high school in ninth through 12th grades. High school’s applied for funding and were required to agree to report to the PDE their plans, their actions and the outcomes. In 2007-08 budget year, the Commonwealth provided $11 million in funding. Penn Cambria School District was one of 161 PA public school districts to apply, receiving $67,000 funding over three years.[258][259] For 2010-11, Project 720 funding was decreased to $1.7 million by Governor Rendell. The grant program was discontinued by Governor Rendell effective with the 2011-12 state budget.[260]

Other grants

Penn Cambria School District did not participate in: PA Science Its Elementary grants (discontinued effective with 2009-10 budget by Governor Rendell);[261] 2013 Safe Schools and Resource Officer grants; 2012 and 2013 Pennsylvania Hybrid Learning Grants;[262] nor the federal 21st Century Learning grants.

Federal Stimulus grant

The District received an extra $2,243,342 in American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) - Federal Stimulus money to be used in specific programs like special education and meeting the academic needs of low-income students.[263][264] The funding was limited to the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 school years.[265] Due to the temporary nature of the funding, schools were repeatedly advised by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, the Pennsylvania Senate Education Committee, the Governor and the Pennsylvania School Board Association, to use the funds for one-time expenditures like acquiring equipment, making repairs to buildings, training teachers to provide more effective instruction or purchasing books and software.

Race to the Top grant

Penn Cambria School District officials applied for the federal Race to the Top grant which would have provided one-half million dollars, in additional federal funding, to improve student academic achievement.[266] Participation required the administration, the school board and the local teachers' union to sign an agreement to prioritize improving student academic success. In Pennsylvania, 120 public school districts and 56 charter schools agreed to participate.[267] Pennsylvania was not approved for the grant. The failure of many other Pennsylvania public school districts to agree to participate was cited as one reason that Pennsylvania was not approved.[268][269][270]

Common Cents state initiative

Penn Cambria School Board elected to not participate in the Pennsylvania Department of Education Common Cents program.[271] The program called for the state to audit the district, at no cost to local taxpayers, to identify ways the district could save tax dollars.[272][273] After the review of the information, the district was not required to implement the recommended cost savings changes.

Real estate taxes

Property tax rates in 2014-2015 were set by the school board at 52.8200 mills for Cambria County property owners and 73.8100 mills for those in Blair County.[274] A mill is $1 of tax for every $1,000 of a property's assessed value. Irregular property reassessments have become a serious issue in the commonwealth as it creates a significant disparity in taxation within a community and across a region.[275] Property taxes, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, apply only to real estate - land and buildings. The property tax is not levied on cars, business inventory, or other personal property. Certain types of property are exempt from property taxes, including: places of worship, places of burial, private social clubs, charitable and educational institutions and all government property (local, state and federal). Additionally, service related, disabled US military veterans may seek an exemption from paying property taxes. Pennsylvania school district revenues are dominated by two main sources: 1) Property tax collections, which account for the vast majority (between 75-85%) of local revenues; and 2) Act 511 tax collections, which are around 15% of revenues for school districts.[276] When a Pennsylvania public school district, Like Penn Cambria School District, includes municipalities in two counties, each of which has different rates of property tax assessment, a state board equalizes the tax rates between the counties.[277] In 2010, miscalculations by the State Tax Equalization Board (STEB) were widespread in the Commonwealth and adversely impacted funding for many school districts, including those that did not cross county borders.[278]

In 2010, Blair County commissioners raised the Assessment Ratio Market Value for each property. The district was required to reduce the millage of Blair County property owners so that the total revenues taken were equal to the 2009 level. The county increased the Assessed Value ratio from 75% to 100%.[288]

The average yearly property tax paid by Cambria County residents amounts to about 2.4% of their yearly income. Cambria County ranked 1048th out of the 3143 United States counties for property taxes as a percentage of median income.[289] According to a report prepared by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, the total real estate taxes collected by all school districts in Pennsylvania rose from $6,474,133,936 in 1999-00 to $10,438,463,356 in 2008-09 and to $11,153,412,490 in 2011.[290] Property taxes in Pennsylvania are relatively high on a national scale. According to the Tax Foundation, Pennsylvania ranked 11th in the U.S. in 2008 in terms of property taxes paid as a percentage of home value (1.34%) and 12th in the country in terms of property taxes as a percentage of income (3.55%).[291] Pennsylvania's 2011 tax burden of 10.35% ranked 10th highest out of 50 states. The tax burden was above the national average of 9.8%. Pennsylvania's taxpayers paid $4,374 per capita in state and local taxes, including school taxes.[292]

Act 1 Adjusted Index

The Act 1 of 2006 Index regulates the rates at which each school district can raise property taxes in Pennsylvania. Districts are not permitted to raise property taxes above their annual Act 1 Index unless they either: allow Districts voters to approve the increase through a vote by referendum or they receive an exception from the Pennsylvania Department of Education. The base index for the school year is published by the PDE in the fall of each year. Each individual school district’s Act 1 Index can be adjusted higher, depending on a number of factors, such as local property values and the personal income of district residents. Originally, Act 1 of 2006 included 10 exceptions, including: increasing pension costs, increases in special education costs, a catastrophe like a fire or flood, increase in health insurance costs for contracts in effect in 2006 or dwindling tax bases. The base index is the average of the percentage increase in the statewide average weekly wage, as determined by the PA Department of Labor and Industry, for the preceding calendar year and the percentage increase in the Employment Cost Index for Elementary and Secondary Schools, as determined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the U.S. Department of Labor, for the previous 12-month period ending June 30. For a school district with a market value/personal income aid ratio (MV/PI AR) greater than 0.4000, its index equals the base index multiplied by the sum of .75 and its MV/PI AR for the current year.[293]

In June 2011, the Pennsylvania General Assembly passed legislation eliminating six of the exceptions to the Act 1 Index.[294] Several exceptions were maintained: 1) costs to pay interest and principal on indebtedness incurred prior to September 4, 2004 for Act 72 schools and prior to June 27, 2006 for non-Act 72 schools; 2) costs to pay interest and principal on electoral debt; 3) costs incurred in providing special education programs and services (beyond what is already paid by the State); and 4) costs due to increases of more than the Index in the school’s share of payments to PSERS (PA school employees pension fund) taking into account the state mandated PSERS contribution rate.[295][296] The legislature also froze the payroll amount public school districts use to calculate the pension-plan exception at the 2012 payroll levels. Further increases in payroll cannot be used to raise the district’s exception for pension payments.

A specific timeline for Act I Index decisions is published annually, by the Pennsylvania Department of Education.[297]

The School District Adjusted Index history for the Penn Cambria School District:

  • 2006-07 - 5.6%, Base 3.9%[298]
  • 2007-08 - 4.8%, Base 3.4%
  • 2008-09 - 6.2%, Base 4.4%
  • 2009-10 - 5.8%, Base 4.1%
  • 2010-11 - 4.1%, Base 2.9%
  • 2011-12 - 2.0%, Base 1.4%
  • 2012-13 - 2.4%, Base 1.7% [299]
  • 2013-14 - 2.4%, Base 1.7% [300]
  • 2014-15 - 3.0%, Base 2.1% [301]
  • 2015-16 - 2.7%, Base 1.9%[302]

For the 2014-15 budget year, Penn Cambria School Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed their Act 1 Index limit. In 2014-15, all Pennsylvania school districts were required to make a 21.4% of payroll payment to the teacher’s pension fund (PSERS).[303] For the school budget 2014-15, 316 Pennsylvania public school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above its Act 1 Index limit. Another 181 school districts adopted a preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeding the Index limit. Districts may apply for multiple exceptions each year. For the pension costs exception, 163 school districts received approval to exceed the Index in full, while others received a partial approval of their request. For special education costs, 104 districts received approval to exceed their tax limit. Seven Pennsylvania public school districts received an approval for the grandfathered construction debts exception.[304]

For the 2013-14 budget year, Penn Cambria School Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed their Act 1 Index limit. In 2013-14, all Pennsylvania school districts were required to make a 16.93% of payroll payment to the teacher’s pension fund (PSERS). For the school budget year 2013-14, 311 Pennsylvania public school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index. Another 171 school districts adopted a preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeded the Index limit. For the pension costs exception, 169 school districts received approval to exceed the Index. For special education costs, 75 districts received approval to exceed their tax limit. Eleven Pennsylvania public school districts received an approval for grandfathered construction debts.[305]

For the 2012-13 budget year, Penn Cambria School Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed the Act 1 Index. In 2012-13, all Pennsylvania school districts were required to make a 12.36% of payroll payment to the teacher’s pension fund (PSERS). For 2012-2013 budget year, 274 school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; while 223 school districts adopted a preliminary budget leaving open the option of exceeded the Index limit. For the exception for pension costs, 194 school districts received approval to exceed the Index. For special education costs, 129 districts received approval to exceed the tax limit.[306]

For the 2011-12 school year, Penn Cambria School Board did not apply for an exception to exceed the Act 1 Index. In 2011-12, all Pennsylvania school districts were required to make a 8.65% of payroll payment to the teacher’s pension fund. Each year, the School Board has the option of adopting either: 1) a resolution in January certifying they will not increase taxes above their index or 2) a preliminary budget in February. A school district adopting the resolution may not apply for referendum exceptions or ask voters for a tax increase above the inflation index.

According to a state report, for the 2011-2012 school year budgets, 247 school districts adopted a resolution certifying that tax rates would not be increased above their index; 250 school districts adopted a preliminary budget. Of the 250 school districts that adopted a preliminary budget, 231 adopted real estate tax rates that exceeded their index. Tax rate increases in the other 19 school districts that adopted a preliminary budget did not exceed the school district’s index. Of the districts who sought exceptions: 221 used the pension costs exemption and 171 sought a Special Education costs exemption. Only 1 school district sought an exemption for Nonacademic School Construction Project, while 1 sought an exception for Electoral debt for school construction.[307]

The Penn Cambria School Board did not apply for any exceptions to exceed the Act 1 index for the budget in 2010-11.[308] For the 2009-10 school budget, the Penn Cambria School Board also did not apply for exceptions to exceed the Index.[309] In the Spring of 2010, 135 Pennsylvania school boards asked to exceed their adjusted index. Approval was granted to 133 of them and 128 sought an exception for pension costs increases.[310]

Property tax relief

In 2013, Penn Cambria School District approved 3,762 homestead properties to receive $120 each.[311] The decline in amount was related to more residents applying for tax relief and a decline in table games tax revenues. The amount received by the District must be divided equally among all approved residences.[312]

In 2009, Penn Cambria School District approved 3,585 homestead properties to receive $126 in property tax relief.[313] The relief was subtracted from the total annual school property tax bill. Property owners apply for the relief through the county Treasurer's office. Farmers can qualify for a farmstead exemption on building used for agricultural purposes. The farm must be at least 10 contiguous acres (40,000 m2) and must be the primary residence of the owner. Farmers can qualify for both the homestead exemption and the farmstead exemption. The amount of property tax relief each Pennsylvania public school district receives is announced by the PDE in May of each year. The amount of tax relief is dependent on the total tax revenue collected on the casino slots in the previous year. Thirty five percent of the slots tax revenues are used for property tax relief. In Cambria County, the highest tax relief went to Ferndale Area School District which was set at $214.[314] The highest property tax relief provided, among Pennsylvania school districts, goes to the homesteads of Chester Upland School District in Delaware County which received $632 per approved homestead in 2010. Chester-Upland School District has consistently been the top recipient since the programs inception.[315] The tax relief was started by Governor Edward G. Rendell with passage of the state gaming law in 2004. Rendell promised taxpayers substantial property tax relief from legalized gambling.[316]

In Cambria County, just 54% of eligible property owners applied for property tax relief in 2009. This was among the lowest participation rates in Pennsylvania.[317]

In Pennsylvania, the homestead exclusion reduces the assessed values of homestead properties, reducing the property tax on these homes. The homestead exclusion allows homeowners real property tax relief of up to one half of the median assessed value of homesteads in the taxing jurisdiction (county, school district, city, borough, or township).[318]

Some Penn Cambria School District residents, including: low income residents aged 65 and older; widows and widowers aged 50 and older; and people with disabilities age 18 and older, can qualify for the state's Property Tax/Rent Rebate program. The income limit is $35,000 for homeowners.[319] Residents must apply annually to receive up to $650. The Property tax/rent rebate program is funded by revenues from the Pennsylvania Lottery. In 2012, these property tax rebates were increased by an additional 50 percent for senior households in the state, so long as those households have incomes under $30,000 and pay more than 15% of their income in property taxes.[320]

Extracurriculars

The District offers a wide variety of clubs, activities and an extensive, publicly funded sports program.[321] Eligibility for participation is determined by school board policy and in compliance with standards set by the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association (PIAA). The District is compliant with state law regarding posting its Interscholastic Athletic Opportunities Disclosure Form on its website.

By Pennsylvania law, all K-12 students residing in the school district, including those who attend a private nonpublic school, cyber charter school, charter school and those homeschooled, are eligible to participate in the extracurricular programs including all athletics. They must meet the same eligibility rules as the students enrolled in the district's schools.[322]

According to PA Child Abuse Recognition and Reporting Act 126 of 2014, all volunteer coaches and all those who assist in student activities, must have criminal background checks. Like all school district employees, they must also attend an anti child abuse training once every three years.[323][324][325]

Article XVI-C of the Public School Code requires the disclosure of interscholastic athletic opportunities for all public secondary school entities in Pennsylvania. All school entities with grades 7-12 are required to annually collect data concerning team and financial information for all male and female athletes beginning with the 2012-13 school year and submit the information to the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Beginning with the 2013-14 school year, all non-school (booster club and alumni) contributions and purchases must also be reported to PDE.[326]

High School Athletics

Coaches receive compensation as outlined in the teachers' union contract. When athletic competition exceeds the regular season, additional compensation is paid.[327]

According to Pennsylvania’s Safety in Youth Sports Act, all sports coaches, paid and volunteer, are required to annually complete the Concussion Management Certification Training and present the certification before coaching.[328][329]

Boys Sports
Girls Sports

Middle School Sports:

Boys
  • Basketball
  • Football
  • Wrestling

Girls
  • Basketball
  • Volleyball

According to PIAA directory July 2015[330]

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  5. ↑ NCES, Common Core of Data, 2012
  6. ↑ PDE, Enrollment and Projections by LEA, July 2010
  7. ↑ PDE, Finances - Selected Data, 2013
  8. ↑ US Census Bureau, 2010 Census Poverty Data by Local Education Agency, 2011
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  178. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (April 2012). "Investing in PA kids,".
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  180. ↑ Special Education Funding Reform Commission (December 11, 2015). "Special Education Funding Reform Commission Report" (PDF).
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  184. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly, Taxpayer Relief Act, Act 1 of the Special Session of 2006, June 27, 2006
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  187. ↑ Times Tribune (June 16, 2013). "PA Teacher Profile Database 2011-12".
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  189. ↑ American Enterprise Institute, (2011). "Assessing the Compensation of Public School Teachers".
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  192. ↑ Fenton, Jacob., Pennsylvania School District Data: Will School Consolidation Save Money?, The Morning Call, February 2009
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  203. ↑ Murphy, Jan., Pennsylvania's public schools boost reserves, CentreDaily Times, September 22, 2010
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  205. ↑ Melissa Daniels (June 1, 2013). "PA school districts look to cash stash to balance budgets". PA Independent.
  206. ↑ Jan Murphy (August 18, 2014). "School district reserves rise despite $1 billion cut in state aid". Pennlive.com.
  207. ↑ Commonwealth Foundation (May 17, 2012). "Chart: School District Fund Balances Nearly Tripled in 14 Years".
  208. ↑ Pennsylvania Auditor General (January 2013). "Penn Cambria School District Cambria County, Pennsylvania Performance Audit Report" (PDF).
  209. ↑ Pennsylvania Auditor General (March 2010). "Penn Cambria School District Cambria County, Pennsylvania Performance Audit Report".
  210. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (May 2013). "Pennsylvania Public School District Tuition Rates".
  211. ↑ Pennsylvania of Community and Economic Development (2012). "Earned Income Tax".
  212. ↑ Penn State Cooperative Extension (2010). "What are the Local Taxes in Pennsylvania?, Local Tax Reform Education Project" (PDF).
  213. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Revenue. "Personal Income Taxation Guidelines date=April 2010".
  214. ↑ John Finnerty (2013). "PA teachers pensions". CNHI Harrisburg Bureau.
  215. ↑ Pennsylvania Representative Todd Stephens (January 23, 2014). "LEEF Funding Chart 2014".
  216. ↑ JANICE BISSETT & ARNOLD HILLMAN (2006). "A Summary of the History and Financing of Education in Pennsylvania 1682- 2013" (PDF). PA Association of Rural and Small Schools.
  217. ↑ PDE (July 7, 2014). "Enacted Education Budget 2014-2015".
  218. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2014-15 Enacted Education Budget Fast Facts, July 14, 2014
  219. ↑ Democrat Appropriations Committee, Report on Education funding by LEA, July 2, 2013
  220. ↑ Sam Wood and Brian X. McCrone (January 29, 2014). "Montgomery County lawmaker proposes using Pa. horse racing funds for education". Philadelphia Inquirer.
  221. ↑ Pennsylvania Office of the Budget, 2013-14 State Budget Highlights, 2013
  222. ↑ Senator Jake Corman (June 28, 2012). "Pennsylvania Education funding by Local School District" (PDF).
  223. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly Sen Jake Corman (June 29, 2012). "SB1466 of 2012 General Fund Appropriation".
  224. ↑ PA Senate Appropriations Committee (June 28, 2011). "School District 2011-12 Funding Report".
  225. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (July 2011). "Basic Education Funding".
  226. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (June 30, 2011). "Basic Education Funding".
  227. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (June 30, 2011). "Basic Education Funding 2011-2012 Fiscal Year".
  228. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, District Allocations Report 2009, 2009-10
  229. ↑ Pennsylvania House Appropriations Committee (June 30, 2010). "PA Basic Education Funding-Printout2 2010-2011" (PDF).
  230. ↑ Office of the Budget (February 2010). "Pennsylvania Budget Proposal 2010".
  231. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (October 2009). "Funding Allocations by district 2009-10".
  232. ↑ Pennsylvania Office of Budget (February 2009). "Governor's Budget Proposal 2009 Pennsylvania Department of Education Budget Proposal 2009".
  233. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Funding Report by LEA, 2009
  234. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau., Annual Survey of Local Government Finances., 2000
  235. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau., 2008 Survey of Local Government Finances – School Systems, 2010
  236. ↑ Governor's Budget Office (2014). "Past Budgets 2013-14 to 2006-07".
  237. ↑ State Senator Lloyd Smucker Senate Education Committee Chairperson, PCNTV Interview state education Budget, June 2015
  238. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Accountability Block Grant report Grantee list 2010, October 2010
  239. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2008). "Accountability Block Grant Mid Year report".
  240. ↑ Pennsylvania Partnership for Children, Full-Day Kindergarten Enrollment, 2011
  241. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Accountability Block Grant funding, June 30, 2012
  242. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2013). "Passport for Learning Block Grant".
  243. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Pennsylvania 2013-14 Pre-K Counts Grantees 2013-13, August 2013
  244. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education Early Childhood Advisor, Poverty Level by School District, 2007
  245. ↑ Office of Child Development and Early Learning (2011). "Pre-K Counts Grantees".
  246. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education Office of Child Development and Early Learning (2008). "Applicants of PA Pre-K Counts for FY 2008-2009" (PDF).
  247. ↑ Governor's Press Office (August 10, 2007). "Governor Rendell Announces Grants for 'Pre-K Counts' Early Childhood Initiative".
  248. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2010). "Pennsylvania PreK Counts End of Year Report 2009-10" (PDF).
  249. ↑ Office of Child Development and Early Learning (2009). "Early Childhood Programs - PreK Counts".
  250. ↑ Claudio Sanchez (April 22, 2014). "What Exactly Is 'High-Quality' Preschool?". NPR.org.
  251. ↑ Jan Murphy (December 19, 2013). "Corbett: What Pa. will do with $51.7 million early learning grant "nothing short of amazing"". Patriot News.
  252. ↑ US Department of Education (December 19, 2013). "Six States Awarded Race to the Top-Early Learning Challenge (RTT-ELC) Grants to Build Statewide Systems of High-Quality Early Learning".
  253. ↑ Pennsylvania Auditor General (December 22, 2008). "Classrooms for the Future grants audit".
  254. ↑ PA DEP Awards Grants to Promote Environmental Education, Stewardship, Department of Environmental Protection Press Release, April 20, 2012
  255. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (May 23, 2012). "Pennsylvania Awards $36.1 Million to Strengthen Literacy Programs".
  256. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2010). "Educational Assistance Program Funding 2010-2011 Fiscal Year".
  257. ↑ CAIU 15 (2007). "Project 720".
  258. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2007). "Transforming Pennsylvania High Schools".
  259. ↑ Robert Hayes Postupac, PROJECT 720: A CASE STUDY OF HIGH SCHOOL REFORM, University of Pittsburgh, 2011
  260. ↑ PA Office of the Budget, 2011-12 Budget General Fund - State Appropriations, June 28, 2011
  261. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Science: It’s Elementary Grantees Students in 143 Schools Benefit from Intensive Science Curriculum, July 22, 2008
  262. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education Press Office (October 17, 2013). "Acting Secretary of Education Says Hybrid Learning Benefits Students; Highlights Success of First-Year Pilot Program".
  263. ↑ Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, County ARRA FUNDING Report, 2009
  264. ↑ ProPublica (2009). "Recovery Tracker Eye on the stimulus".
  265. ↑ "School stimulus money". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. March 12, 2009.
  266. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Race To The Top Webinar powerpoint for districts December 2009, December 9, 2009
  267. ↑ Governor's Press Office release (January 20, 2010). "Pennsylvania's 'Race to the Top' Fueled by Effective Reforms, Strong Local Support,".
  268. ↑ Race to the Top Fund, U.S. Department of Education, March 29, 2010.
  269. ↑ Dr. Gerald Zahorchak (December 2008). "Pennsylvania Race to the Top Letter to Superintendents" (PDF).
  270. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (January 19, 2009). "Pennsylvania Race to the Top -School Districts Title I Allocations 2009-10".
  271. ↑ Governor Office Press release (March 12, 2008). "PA Education Department Announces 39 Districts to Take Part in 'Common Cents' Cost-Saving".
  272. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Common Cents program - Making Every Dollar Count, 2007
  273. ↑ PA General Assembly Task Force on School Cost Reduction (November 16, 2006). "Final Report Task Force on School Cost Reduction Findings and Recommendations".
  274. ↑ PDE (October 2014). "Finances RE Tax Rates 2014-15".
  275. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2012). "Real Estate Tax Rates by School District 2012-13 Real Estate Mills".
  276. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2004). "Act 511 Tax Report".
  277. ↑ State Tax Equalization Board (2011). "State Tax Equalization Board About US".
  278. ↑ Pennsylvania Auditor General office - Bureau of Audits (February 2011). "A Special Performance Audit of the Pennsylvania State Tax Equalization Boards" (PDF).
  279. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2014). "Real Estate Tax Rates by School District 2013-14 Real Estate Mills".
  280. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Finances_Real Estate Tax Rates 2012-13, 2012
  281. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2011). "Real Estate Tax Millage by School District,".
  282. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2010). "Real Estate Tax Millage by School District,".
  283. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Financial Elements Reports, 2010
  284. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Financial Elements Reports 2008-09 Real Estate Mills, 2009
  285. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Real Estate Tax Millage by School District, 2008
  286. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Real Estate Tax Millage by School District, 2006
  287. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Real Estate Tax Millage by School District, 2005
  288. ↑ Blair County Commissioners, Changing ratio FAQ, 2009
  289. ↑ Tax-rates.org., The 2015 Tax Resource County Property Taxes 2014, 2015
  290. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Pennsylvania School Finances - Summaries of Annual Financial Report Data 2010-11, 2011
  291. ↑ New Census Data on Property Taxes on Homeowners, Tax Foundation, September 22, 2009.
  292. ↑ Tax Foundation, The facts on Pennsylvania’s Tax Climate, January 2015
  293. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2010). "2010-11 Act 1 of 2006 Referendum Exception Guidelines".
  294. ↑ Kaitlynn Riely (August 4, 2011). "Law could restrict school construction projects". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
  295. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly, (June 29, 2011). "SB330 of 2011".
  296. ↑ Eric Boehm (July 1, 2011). "Property tax reform final piece of state budget". PA Independent.
  297. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2011). "Special Session Act 1 of 2006 the Taxpayer Relief Act information".
  298. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (May 2011). "Special Session Act 1 of 2006 School District Adjusted Index for 2006-2007 through 2011-2012".
  299. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2012-2013 School District Adjusted Index, September 2011
  300. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2013-2014 School District Adjusted Index, September 2012
  301. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2014-2015 School District Adjusted Index, September 2013
  302. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, 2015-2016 School District Adjusted Index, September 2014
  303. ↑ Pennsylvania School Employees, Retirement System, PSERS Chart showing payment mandates 2007-2020, 2014
  304. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (April 30, 2014). "Report on Referendum Exceptions For School Year 2014-2015".
  305. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Report on Referendum Exceptions For School Year 2013-2014, April 2013
  306. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Report on Referendum Exceptions For School Year 2012-2013, March 30, 2012
  307. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (April 2011). "Report on Exceptions".
  308. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (May 2010). "Report on Referendum Exceptions for 2010-2011".
  309. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (May 2009). "Report on Referendum Exceptions for 2009-2010".
  310. ↑ Scarcella, Frank and Pursell, Tricia (May 25, 2010). "Local school tax assessments exceed state averages". The Daily Item.
  311. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (May 1, 2013). "2013-2014 Estimated State Property Tax Relief per Homestead".
  312. ↑ Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board (2014). "Gaming Benefits for Pennsylvanians".
  313. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (May 1, 2009). "2009 Estimated State Property Tax Relief per Homestead".
  314. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education, Tax Relief per Homestead, May 1, 2009.
  315. ↑ Tax Relief per Homestead 2009, Pennsylvania Department of Education Report, May 1, 2009
  316. ↑ AP (September 14, 2014). "Casino revenue has not provided level of tax relief promised to Pa. property owners". Pennlive.com.
  317. ↑ Pennsylvania Office of the Auditor General, Jack Wagner (February 2010). "Property Tax Relief in Pennsylvania Special Report," (PDF).
  318. ↑ Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences Cooperative Extension (1998). "Understanding the Homestead and Farmstead Exclusions" (PDF).
  319. ↑ Department of Revenue (2014). "Property Tax/Rent Rebate Program".
  320. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Revenue., Property Tax/Rent Rebate Program, June 2012
  321. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2013). "Disclosure of Interscholastic Athletic Opportunities".
  322. ↑ Pennsylvania Office of the Governor Press Release (November 10, 2005). "Home-Schooled, Charter School Children Can Participate in School District Extracurricular Activities".
  323. ↑ Eleanor Chute., New Pa. law expands clearance requirements for school volunteers, employees, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, December 15, 2014
  324. ↑ Pennsylvania General Assembly (2014). "ACT 126 – Child Abuse Recognition and Reporting Act".
  325. ↑ Ali Stevens., Child Protective Services Law impacts schools, WKOK.com 1070AM, January 6, 2015
  326. ↑ Pennsylvania Department of Education (2013). "Interscholastic Athletic Opportunities Disclosure Form" (PDF).
  327. ↑ Penn Cambria School Board, Penn Cambria School District Teacher Union Contract, 2014
  328. ↑ PA General Assembly, (July 1, 2012). "Senate Bill 200 of Session 2011 Safety in Youth Sports Act".
  329. ↑ UMPC Sports Medicine (2014). "Managing Concussions in Student Athletes: The Safety in Youth Sports Act".
  330. ↑ Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletics Association (2015). "PIAA School Directory".

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