Peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase

Peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.90, vitamin K-dependent carboxylase, gamma-glutamyl carboxylase) is an enzyme with systematic name peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase (2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-epoxidizing).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

peptidyl-4-carboxyglutamate + 2,3-epoxyphylloquinone + H₂O

\rightleftharpoons

peptidyl-glutamate + CO₂ + O₂ + phylloquinone

The enzyme can use various vitamin-K derivatives, including menaquinone.

References

↑ Dowd, P., Hershline, R., Ham, S.W. and Naganathan, S. (1995). "Vitamin K and energy transduction: a base strength amplification mechanism". Science 269 (5231): 1684–1691. doi:10.1126/science.7569894. PMID 7569894.
↑ Furie, B., Bouchard, B.A. and Furie, B.C. (1999). "Vitamin K-dependent biosynthesis of γ-carboxyglutamic acid". Blood 93 (6): 1798–1808. PMID 10068650.
↑ Rishavy, M.A., Hallgren, K.W., Yakubenko, A.V., Shtofman, R.L., Runge, K.W. and Berkner, K.L. (2006). "Bronsted analysis reveals Lys²¹⁸ as the carboxylase active site base that deprotonates vitamin K hydroquinone to initiate vitamin K-dependent protein carboxylation". Biochemistry 45 (44): 13239–13248. doi:10.1021/bi0609523. PMID 17073445.
↑ Silva, P.J. and Ramos, M.J. (2007). "Reaction mechanism of the vitamin K-dependent glutamate carboxylase: a computational study". J. Phys. Chem. B 111: 12883–12887. doi:10.1021/jp0738208. PMID 17935315.
↑ Decottignies-Le Maréchal, P., Ducrocq, C., Marquet, A. and Azerad, R. (1984). "The stereochemistry of hydrogen abstraction in vitamin K-dependent carboxylation". J. Biol. Chem. 259 (24): 15010–15012. PMID 6150930.
↑ Dubois, J., Dugave, C., Foures, C., Kaminsky, M., Tabet, J.C., Bory, S., Gaudry, M. and Marquet, A. (1991). "Vitamin K dependent carboxylation: determination of the stereochemical course using 4-fluoroglutamyl-containing substrate". Biochemistry 30 (43): 10506–10512. doi:10.1021/bi00107a020. PMID 1931973.

External links

Peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Carbon-carbon lyases (EC 4.1)

4.1.1: Carboxy-lyases	Acetoacetate decarboxylase Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase Glutamate decarboxylase Histidine decarboxylase Lysine decarboxylase Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase Ornithine decarboxylase Oxaloacetate decarboxylase Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase Pyrophosphomevalonate decarboxylase Pyruvate decarboxylase RuBisCO Uridine monophosphate synthetase/Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase

4.1.2: Aldehyde-lyases	Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase Aldolase A Aldolase B Aldolase C 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase Threonine aldolase

4.1.3: Oxo-acid-lyases	Isocitrate lyase 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase

4.1.99: Other	Tryptophanase

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases(list) EC2 Transferases(list) EC3 Hydrolases(list) EC4 Lyases(list) EC5 Isomerases(list) EC6 Ligases(list)

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