Persecution of Muslims by the Meccans
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In the early days of Islam at Mecca, the new Muslims were often subjected to abuse and persecution.
Overview
Sumayyah bint Khabbab, and her husband Yasir were tortured to death by Abu Jahl.[1][2]
Muhammad was protected somewhat by the influence of his family, but even he was subjected to such abuse as having the entrails of a camel thrown on him by Abu Lahab, while he was praying near the Kaaba, and Abu Lahab's wife Umm Jamil would regularly dump filth outside his door.[3] Abu Bakr bought and freed the slave Bilal ibn Rabah (who would become the first muezzin).
Migration age
613 - 614
The physical assaults began in 613.[4]
7 BH (614–615 CE)
In seventh Islamic month (Rajab) of 7 BH (614–615 CE) eleven male and four female Sahaba, the Muslims who originally converted in Mecca, migrated to Aksum seeking refuge from persecution.
6 BH (615–616 CE)
Following the return from the First migration to Abyssinia, the Muslims continued to suffer Persecution by the Meccans.[4] This time, in 6 BH (616 CE) almost one hundred Muslims made a second migration back to Abyssinia where they stayed protected. After the Muslims in Arabia had migrated to Medina in AH 7 (628/629) and attained security, the Muslims in Abyssinia migrated back to Arabia and reunited with them in Medina [4] after six years absence.
5 BH (616–617 CE)
The Meccan boycott of the Hashemites by the Quraish was proclaimed in 617.
3 BH (618–619 CE)
2 BH (619–620 CE)
In 620, after the Year of Sorrow when his main source of support, Abu Talib had died did the persecution increased exponentially, so he tried to seek support from the neighboring city of Tai'f.
Post Migration age and response
Invasion of Safwan
Muhammad ordered an attack to pursue Kurz bin Jabir Al-Fihri who led a small group that looted Muhammad's animals[5]
Invasion of Sawiq
Muhammad ordered Muslims to pursue Abu Sufyan for killing 2 Muslims and burning a corn field[3]
List of Specific Recorded Instances
Slaves who were Muslims
Male
- Yasir ibn Amir – tortured and killed.[6]
- Bilal ibn Ribah – lied on burning sand, had a very heavy stone put on his chest with somebody jumping on it.
- Khabbab ibn al-Aratt – lied on burning sand, had hot metal put on his head.
- Abu Fakih – tied and dragged on burning sand, had a very heavy stone put on his chest [7]
- Abu Fuhayra
- Ammar ibn Yasir – tortured.[6]
Female
- Sumayyah bint Khabbab – killed by spear.
- Al-Nahdiah – tortured [6]
- Umm Ubays – tortured [6]
- Lubaynah– extensively beaten [6]
- Zinnira – beaten until she lost her eyesight temporarily.[7]
Free Muslims
- Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad – was divorced on orders of Abu Lahab [4]
- Ruqayyah bint Muhammad – was divorced on orders of Abu Lahab [4]
- Sa'd ibn Ubadah – tortured [4]
References
- ↑ Lings, Martin. Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. pp. 79–80. ISBN 978-0946621330.
- ↑ Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad, p. 145. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- 1 2 Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.150-151. (online)
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Sealed Nectar The Second ‘Aqabah Pledge on sunnipath.com
- ↑ Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 128
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Islam's Holy Prophet Muhammad - The Millennium Biography of Muhammad The Prophet of Allah - Chapter 30: Persecution". islamic-paths.org. Archived from the original on 21 April 2005.
- 1 2 "witness-pioneer.org". witness-pioneer.org.