Pertwood
Coordinates: 51°07′N 2°10′W / 51.11°N 2.17°W
Pertwood was an ancient settlement and parish, near Warminster in the county of Wiltshire in the west of England.[1] Its land and houses now lie in the parishes of East Knoyle, Sutton Veny and Chicklade, and have fewer than twenty inhabitants.
The settlements are close together at Upper Pertwood (also called Higher Pertwood) and Lower Pertwood. Higher Pertwood is now run as Pertwood Manor Farm, while Lower Pertwood is run as Pertwood Organic Farm by different people.
History
Before the Norman Conquest, the manor of Pertwood was held by a man named Wlward. At the Domesday survey of 1086, it was held by Geoffrey de Mowbray, Bishop of Coutances, and contained two hides, of which one and a half were in demesne and the rest was held of the manor by tenants. Two villeins, three bordars, one plough, twenty acres of pasture and four of woodland were recorded. Pertwood later became a manor of the Earls of Gloucester, which it remained until the early 15th century.[2]
Pertwood Down, on high ground to the west of Pertwood, has several barrows and traces of Celtic field systems, but all such remains lie outside the area of the former parish.[2][3]
Just to the north of Lower Pertwood Farm, the Romans, in building a straight road, unusually diverted their road around an ancient tumulus instead of going through it.[4][5] In 1829, the Roman road near Pertwood was described as "still remarkably perfect".[4]
In 1808, a topographer wrote of Pertwood that it was "...a decayed parish in the hundred of Warminster... containing 2 houses and 15 inhabitants".[6]
The Revd John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales (1870–1872) said of Pertwood:
PERTWOOD, a parish in Mere district, Wilts; on the Roman road to Old Sarum, 2 miles N W of Hindon, and 5½ N W of Tisbury r. station. Post-town, Hindon, under Salisbury. Acres, 450. Rated property, £480. Pop., 30. Houses, 5. The property is all in one estate. The living is a rectory in the diocese of Salisbury. Value, £56. Patron, Mrs. Seymour. The church is good.
In 1885 the parish of Pertwood was extinguished, with its southern part being added to East Knoyle, its northern part to Sutton Veny.[7]
A detailed parish history was published in 1965 by the Wiltshire Victoria County History in its volume 8.[2]
In April 1993, the Tribal Gathering music festival took place at Pertwood, and in 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 2000 it was the site of the Big Green Gathering.[8]
Church
The former Church of England parish church, which stands at Upper or Higher Pertwood, is called St Peter's. It was originally a small 12th-century stone building entered by a round-headed door on its south side, but in about 1812 it was "restored" by the then lord of the manor, Richard Ricward, so that by 1822 there was nothing ancient to be seen, except one stoop. In the restored church a round-headed arch lay between the chancel and the nave. In 1872 the church was rebuilt in flint, dressed with stone, with a single church bell in a small structure over the roof at the western end. This small building contains a nave, a chancel, and a north aisle. In 1908 the bowl of a 14th-century font was found buried nearby and was returned to the church.[2][9]
Pertwood was a separate church parish until 1899, when was held by the rector of All Saints', Chicklade. In 1921 Chicklade with Pertwood was united with Hindon parish.[10]
The Victorian church became derelict and was closed in 1968, then declared redundant in 1972.[11] However the building was later restored.[12]
Present day
Upper Pertwood, on high downland in the southern half of the former parish, is approached by a drive from the A350 road and consists of the original manor house, known as Manor Farm, five farm cottages, and other buildings. On the other side of the A350 is Lower Pertwood, with six cottages and a house. Numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 are no longer part of the farm and are privately owned.
Lower Pertwood forms part of a large organic farm of 2,100 acres (8.5 km2) usually called Lower Pertwood Farm or Pertwood Organic Farm.[13] The organic farming model was introduced by Mark Houghton Brown, largely to conserve the thin soil, and was continued by him until 2005 and thereafter by new owners. The farm is managed under Natural England's Higher Level Stewardship scheme.
Governance
Almost all local government functions are carried out by the Wiltshire Council unitary authority. Pertwood is represented in parliament by Andrew Murrison.
Notable people
In 1560, Sir John Mervyn of Pertwood was High Sheriff of Wiltshire.[14]
Lancelot Morehouse, a 17th-century Rector of Pertwood, has been described as John Aubrey's "most familiar learned acquaintance".[15]
Percy Scawen Wyndham (1835-1911), a younger son of the first Lord Leconfield, owned Pertwood from 1877 until his death.[2] He was a soldier, Conservative politician, antiquarian and intellectual, one of the founding members of The Souls.[16]
Owners
- 1400–1419: John Britte, of Hindon[2]
- 1433: William Elys[2]
- 1450: John Elys[2]
- Late 15th & early 16th centuries: William Fletcher[2]
- Agnes Maton and Margaret Ingram, daughters of William Fletcher[2]
- 1553: John Mervyn[2]
- c. 1570–1601: John Mervyn (son of above)[2]
- 1601: Thomas Mervyn (son of above)[2]
- George Mervyn (brother of above)[2]
- to 1692: John Mervyn, grandson of George Mervyn[2]
- 1692–1736: Sir James Howe (purchase)[2]
- 1736–1804: Henry Lee, commonly called Lee Warner (nephew of above)[2]
- 1804–1805: James Woodward (nephew of above), who assumed the name of Lee Warner[2]
- 1805–1810: John Benett of Pythouse (purchase)[2]
- 1810: Richard Ricward of Longbridge Deverill (purchase)[2]
- 1838: Henry Seymour[2]
- Alfred Seymour (son of above)[2]
- 1877–1911: Percy Scawen Wyndham (purchase)[2]
- 1911–1913: George Wyndham, son of Percy Scawen Wyndham
- 1913–1919: Guy Richard Charles Wyndham, grandson of Percy Scawen Wyndham[2]
- 1919–1939: Arthur Mitchell (purchase)[2]
- 1939–1945: Paul Weldon (purchase)[2]
- 1945: Colonel Scrope Egerton (purchase)[2]
- 1963: Colonel Jack Houghton Brown
- Mark Houghton-Brown[17]
References
- ↑ Pertwood at Visions of Britain web site
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Crowley, D.A., ed. (1965). "Victoria County History - Wiltshire - Vol 8 pp58-61 - Pertwood". British History Online. University of London. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
- ↑ P. J. Fowler, The farming of prehistoric Britain (1983), p. 100
- 1 2 John Rutter, Delineations of the north western division of the county of Somerset, and of its antedeluvian bone caverns, with a geological sketch of the district (1829), p. 330 online
- ↑ Thomas Codrington, Roman roads in Britain (Society for Promoting of Christian Knowledge, 1919), p. 249
- ↑ Benjamin Pitts Capper, A topographical dictionary of the United Kingdom (1808)
- ↑ Kelly's Directory of Wiltshire (1939)
- ↑ "The Big Green Gathering". Safeconcerts.com. Retrieved 2010-11-22.
- ↑ Pertwood at genuki.org.uk
- ↑ Crowley, D.A. (ed.). "Victoria County History - Wiltshire - Vol 13 pp105-114 - Chicklade". British History Online. University of London. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- ↑ "Church of St. John the Baptist, Hindon". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
- ↑ "Photo of St Peter's Church". geograph.org.uk. April 2003. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
- ↑ home page of pertwood.co.uk web site
- ↑ The Wiltshire archæological and natural history magazine, volume 3 (1857), p. 214 online
- ↑ Edward Thomas, A Literary Pilgrim in England (2005), p. 101
- ↑ 'Wyndham, the Hon. Percy Scawen', in Who was Who 1897–1915 (A. & C. Black, 1988 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-2670-4)
- ↑ Practical Farm Ideas quarterly: volumes 13-15 (Mido Publications, 2004-5), p. 24
External links
- North from the A350 near Higher Pertwood - photograph at geograph.org.uk