Peter's vision of a sheet with animals
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According to the Acts of the Apostles chapter 10, Saint Peter had a vision of a sheet full of animals being lowered from heaven. A voice from heaven told Peter to kill and eat, but since the sheet contained unclean animals, Peter declined. The command was repeated two more times, along with the voice saying, "What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common" (verse 15) and then the sheet was taken back to heaven (Acts 10:16). The triple refusal here echoes the denial of Peter described in the Synoptic Gospels.[1][2]
At this point in the narrative, messengers sent from Cornelius the Centurion arrive and urge Peter to go with them. He does so, and mentions the vision as he speaks to Cornelius, saying "God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean" (Acts 10:28, KJV). Peter related the vision again in Acts 11:4-9.
Interpretation
Simon J. Kistemaker suggests that the lesson God taught Peter in this vision is that "God has removed the barriers he once erected to separate his people from the surrounding nations."[3] Kistemaker argues that it means Peter has to accept Gentile believers as full members of the Christian Church, but also that God has made all animals clean, so that "Peter with his fellow Jewish Christians can disregard the food laws that have been observed since the days of Moses."[4] Albert Mohler, President of Southern Seminary, writes:[5]
As the Book of Acts makes clear, Christians are not obligated to follow this holiness code. This is made clear in Peter's vision in Acts 10:15. Peter is told, 'What God has made clean, do not call common.' In other words, there is no kosher code for Christians. Christians are not concerned with eating kosher foods and avoiding all others. That part of the law is no longer binding, and Christians can enjoy shrimp and pork with no injury to conscience.
Luke Timothy Johnson and Daniel J. Harrington write that this episode heralds a radical change in Peter's "identity as a member of God's people,"[6] but also that "the implication is that all things God created are declared clean by him, and are not affected by human discriminations."[7]
On the other hand, the United Church of God (a group following the teachings of Herbert W. Armstrong) calls this an "often-misunderstood section of the Bible",[8] arguing that Peter's statement in verse 28 indicates that the divine disclosure reflected only a teaching about people, and not one about food. The UCG argues that Peter realised "the puzzling vision could not be annulling God’s instructions."[8] The Seventh-day Adventist Church has a similar view of this passage.[9]
Artistic depictions
Peter's vision was rarely shown in art, but has been illustrated with pen-and-ink drawings by Rembrandt and a variant by his pupil van Hoogstraten. Rembrandt was probably reacting to a painting of the subject by Domenico Fetti which was then in Amsterdam, and is now in Vienna.[10] It also appears in the "Altar of St. Peter" in Seville Cathedral, attributed to Francisco de Zurbarán.[11][12]
References
- ↑ Ben Witherington, The Acts of the Apostles: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2008), 350.
- ↑ Josep Rius-Camps and Jenny Read-Heimerdinger, The Message of Acts in Codex Bezae: A comparison with the Alexandrian tradition, Volume 2 (Continuum, 2006), 253.
- ↑ Simon J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Acts of the Apostles (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1990), 378.
- ↑ Kistemaker, Acts, 380.
- ↑ R. Albert Mohler Jr. (May 21, 2012). "The Bible condemns a lot, but here's why we focus on homosexuality". My Take. CNN. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
- ↑ Luke Timothy Johnson and Daniel J. Harrington, The Acts of the Apostles (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1992), 187.
- ↑ Johnson and Harrington, 184.
- 1 2 What Does the Bible Teach About Clean and Unclean Meats? (PDF). United Church of God. 2008. pp. 12–13.
- ↑ Adventist review, Volume 184, Part 1, p. 47.
- ↑ Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, Holm Bevers, and Lee Hendrix, Drawings by Rembrandt and his Pupils: Telling the Difference (J. Paul Getty Museum, 2010), 152.
- ↑ Martin S. Soria, "Zurbarán's Altar of Saint Peter," The Art Bulletin, Vol. 33, No. 3 (Sep., 1951), 165-173.
- ↑ Etienne Achille Réveil and Jean Duchesne, Museum of Painting and Sculpture: or, Collection of the Principal Pictures, Statues and Bas-Reliefs in the Public and Private Galleries of Europe, Volume 17, (London, 1833), 364.