Peter Hawker
| Peter Hawker | |
|---|---|
 An engraving of Peter Hawker c.1814 by H. Adlard, from a portrait by Alfred Edward Chalon | |
| Born |
November 1786 London |
| Died |
August 1853 London |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Gentleman |
| Known for | Diarist, Sportsman, Soldier, shootist. |
Colonel Peter Hawker (24 November 1786 – 7 August 1853)[1] was a celebrated diarist, author and sportsman accounted one of the "Great Shots" of the 19th Century.[2] His sporting exploits were widely followed and, on occasion, considered worthy of report in The Times.[3] Born in London to Colonel Peter Ryves Hawker and Mary Wilson Hawker (née Yonge) he was educated at Eton and then entered military service in 1801 with the purchase of a commission as a cornet in The Royal Dragoons (1st Dragoons), soon gaining a promotion to captain. Hawker notes in his diary that: "I was a Captain of Dragoons soon after I was seventeen years old, but paid dearer for it than anyone in the service."[4]
Military career
Hawker served with the 14th Light Dragoons under the Duke of Wellington during the Peninsular War. He led his squadron during the Battle of Douro (6 May 1809), his regiment thereby earning the battle honour "Douro" for its colours. He received a serious thigh wound during the following Battle of Talavera (28 July 1809) and was consequently declared unfit and so resigned and sold his commission. Hawker was awarded a modest pension of £100 per annum (approximately equivalent to £3500 a year in 2005) in recognition of his service. Despite his injuries, and consequent ill health, he was later (in 1815) able to accept an active commission as major of the North Hampshire Militia; he was recommended for the post by the then Duke of Clarence, heir to the throne and future King William IV. Hawker was made lieutenant-colonel of the militia 1821 and ultimately became deputy lieutenant for his county.
Sportsman and Author
Hawker is best known today for his published works on the sports of shooting, wildfowling and fishing. Hawker published his "Advice to Young Sportsmen" in 1814, a popular work having nine imprints in his lifetime with the latest paper edition printed in 1975. Forty years after Hawker's death an Australian book reviewer states that "Probably no book on the subject of sport ever enjoyed so wide or so long sustained a popularity as the Instructions to Young Sportsmen".[5] Hawker kept a regular diary (published in abridged form) which contains observations of pre and post-Napoleonic Europe, wildfowling, game-bird shooting and details of hunting techniques and conditions prevalent in the late 18th and early 19th Century. His diary, printed in two volumes, was also a popular work with the last paper edition printed in 1988.
Hawker also published an (originally anonymous) memoir of the Peninsula War.[6]
Revisionist views of Hawker & his works
Hawker's attitude to guns and shooting has been criticised and parodied from a modern perspective in The Economist (with respect to the teaching of children to shoot),[7] The Times (as being overly bloodthirsty)[8] and he was even mildly criticised by Sir Ralph Payne-Gallwey (who describes Hawker as "something of an egotist" albeit a "good natured" one) in his introduction to the 1893 edition Hawker's diary. Colin Laurie McKelvie, in his forward to the 1988 edition of Hawker's diary, states that he finds Hawker's personality "unattractive" and observes that Hawker "... appears unacceptably self-absorbed, cock-sure and downright arrogant"; McKelvie however mitigates his criticism with praise for Hawker's knowledge, fairness, energy and enthusiasm.
Hawker the musician
Hawker was an keen amateur musician, studying the piano under Henri Bertini and he regularly played the organ at his local church.[9] Hawker's interest in music was not limited to playing however, he devised and patented a device to assist the teaching of the piano; namely his "hand moulds".[10]
Hawker and the development of firearms
Hawker’s inventiveness went beyond musical matters, he was active in the development of "detonating" firearms (i.e. the percussion lock), punt gunning and also claims (in his diary) to have invented a "smokeless chimney". Hawker was a firm friend of the then and now celebrated gunsmith Joe Manton; Hawker was not just a user of Manton’s guns he took an active interest in their design and participated in the manufacture of some of his own commissions.
Hawker designed a breech-loading swivel gun mounted on a four-wheeled carriage, a model of which is reportedly on display at the Rotunda, Woolwich.[11]
In later life Hawker designed a "military musket" and commissioned the manufacture of several prototypes at his own expense. Hawker's musket was favourably received by the Board of Ordnance but was not adopted, being set aside in preference to the Enfield Rifle-Musket, although elements of Hawker's design were incorporated into the final version of the Enfield.[12]
Family life
Hawker was married twice, firstly in 1811 to Julia the only daughter of Major Hooker Barttelot making the family home in Longparish with a cottage in Keyhaven. Following Julia's death in 1844 Hawker then married Helen Susan Symonds (née Chatterton), herself a widow. Colonel Hawker had two sons and two daughters by his first wife. Hawker's granddaughter, Mary Elizabeth Hawker, was a famous late Victorian author who wrote under the pseudonym of "Lanoe Falconer".[13] Hawker's cottage in Keyhaven, Hampshire, still stands (and is named "Hawker's Cottage"), it is located immediately north of the "Gun Inn" public house which was reportedly originally named in commemoration of Hawker's punt gunning exploits.[14]
References
- ↑ Archbold, W.A.J. (2005). "Peter Hawker". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press). doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12654. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
- ↑ Willmott-Dixon, William ("Thormanby") (2007) [1901]. Read, Tony, ed. Kings Of The Trigger: Biographical Sketches Of Four Famous Sportsmen (Reprint ed.). Alcester: Read Country Books. ISBN 978-1-406-78745-0.
- ↑ "Extraordinary sport". The Times (13387) (London). 18 September 1827. p. 3.
- ↑ Hawker, Peter (1893). The Diary of Colonel Peter Hawker, 1802-1853 1. London: Longmans, Green & Co – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Sporting Intelligence". Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate (Newcastle, NSW). 9 December 1893. p. 11. Retrieved 16 July 2015 – via National Library of Australia.
- ↑ Hawker, Peter (1810). Journal of a Regimental Officer During the Recent Campaign in Portugal and Spain under Lord Viscount Wellington. London: J. Johnson.
- ↑ "Playing with fire". The Economist (London). 21 December 2000. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
- ↑ "Why Shoot Coot?". The Times (56548) (London). 5 February 1966. p. 11.
- ↑ "Appeal for twelfth-century church". The Times (54298). 3 November 1958. p. 12.
- ↑ Wilkie, G.; Wilkie, T. (1821). "Specification of the Patent granted to Peter Hawker, of Long-Parish House, near Andover, in the County of. Hants, Major in the Army; for a Machine, Instrument, or Apparatus to assist in the Attainment of proper Performance on the Piano-Forte, or other keyed Instruments". The Repertory of Patent Inventions: And Other Discoveries and Improvements in Arts, Manufactures, and Agriculture 39. p. 266.
- ↑ Carman, W.Y. (2004) [1955]. A History of Firearms: From Earliest Times to 1914 (Reprint ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-486-43390-5.
- ↑ Hawker, Peter (1893). The Diary of Colonel Peter Hawker, 1802-1853 2. London: Longmans, Green & Co – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ Elizabeth Lee, rev. Megan A. Stephan. "Hawker, Mary Elizabeth (1848–1908)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33768. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ↑ "Milford on Sea Famous Residents". Milford on Sea. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
External links
- Hawker, Peter (1826). Instructions to Young Sportsmen In All That Relates to Guns and Shooting (5th ed.). London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green – via Internet Archive.