Pechory

Not to be confused with Pechora.
Pechory (English)
Печоры (Russian)
Petseri (Estonian)
-  Town[1]  -


Church of Saint Barbara


Location of Pskov Oblast in Russia
Pechory
Location of Pechory in Pskov Oblast
Coordinates: 57°49′N 27°37′E / 57.817°N 27.617°E / 57.817; 27.617Coordinates: 57°49′N 27°37′E / 57.817°N 27.617°E / 57.817; 27.617
Coat of arms of Pechory Urban Settlement
Administrative status (as of February 2013)
Country Russia
Federal subject Pskov Oblast[1]
Administrative district Pechorsky District[1]
Administrative center of Pechorsky District[2]
Municipal status (as of February 2013)
Municipal district Pechorsky Municipal District[3]
Urban settlement Pechory Urban Settlement[3]
Administrative center of Pechorsky Municipal District,[4] Pechory Urban Settlement[3]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 11,195 inhabitants[5]
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[6]
Founded 16th century[7]
Town status since 1776[7]
Postal code(s)[8] 181500, 181502
Pechory on Wikimedia Commons

Pechory (Russian: Печо́ры; Estonian and Seto: Petseri) is a town and the administrative center of Pechorsky District in Pskov Oblast, Russia. Its population in the 2010 Census was 11,195,[5] having fallen from 13,056 recorded in the 2002 Census[9] and 11,935 in the 1989 Census.[10] This population includes a few hundred ethnic Estonians.

History

It was founded as a posad in the 16th century near the Pskov-Caves Monastery (which was established in the 15th century) and soon developed into an important trading post.[7] During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, Pechory was an important border stronghold. It was besieged numerous times by Russia's enemies: Stephen Báthory's forces sacked the settlement during the Siege of Pskov in 1581–1582,[7] and the Swedes or Polish stormed Pechory in 1592, 1611, 1615, and 1630, and from 1655 to 1657. Boris Sheremetev began his campaign of 1701 in Pechory and the fortification was besieged by Swedes in the course of the Great Northern War in 1701 and 1703.[7] After the war, Pechory lost its military significance.[7]

In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off and in 1772, Pskov Governorate was established; it existed as Pskov Viceroyalty between 1777 and 1796. In 1776, Pechory was granted town rights[7] and Pechorsky Uyezd was established, but in 1797, the uyezd was abolished and the territory became a part of Pskovsky Uyezd of Pskov Governorate.

From February to December 1918, Pechory was occupied by the Germans. During the Estonian War of Independence, the town was occupied by the Estonian army on March 29, 1919. Under the terms of the Tartu Peace Treaty, Pechory and the territory around it, called Setomaa, were given to Estonia in 1920.[7]

During the years between the World Wars, Petseri, as it was called at that time, was the center of Petseri County, one of the eleven counties that made up the Republic of Estonia. Under the Estonian rule, the town population more than doubled, predominantly due to arrival of ethnic Estonians. In May 1925, most of the land owned by the Pskov-Caves Monastery was confiscated by the Estonian government. St. Peter's Lutheran Church was built in 1926. After the annexation of Estonia by the Soviet Union in 1940, the town originally remained a part of the Estonian SSR. During World War II, the town was occupied by the German Army from July 10, 1941 until August 11, 1944.[7]

On January 16, 1945,[7] Pechory and most of Petseri County were transferred to Pskov Oblast of the Russian SFSR and Pechorsky District was established.[11] In 1956, Pechory Secondary School No. 2 was opened for Estonian-speaking students.

After Estonian independence was re-established in 1991, the town and the territory around it were claimed for Estonia because of the terms of the Tartu Peace Treaty, in which the Soviet Union had relinquished further claims on Estonian territory.[12] In November 1995, a report said that Estonia had dropped this claim.[13] A newer Estonian-Russian Border Treaty was signed by Estonia on May 18, 2005, reflecting the later border changes,[14] but was rejected and cancelled by Russia on June 27, 2005, because references to Soviet occupation were added.[15][16]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Pechory serves as the administrative center of Pechorsky District,[2] to which it is directly subordinated.[1] As a municipal division, the town of Pechory, together with forty-two rural localities, is incorporated within Pechorsky Municipal District as Pechory Urban Settlement.[3]

Religion

Pechory is famous for the Russian Orthodox Pskov-Caves Monastery. Also, St.Peter's Evangelical Lutheran church is situated in the town. It is famous for its historic organ.

Notable people

References

Water tower in the center of Pechory

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Law #833-oz stipulates that the borders of the administrative districts are identical to the borders of the municipal districts. The Law #420-oz, which describes the borders and the composition of the municipal districts, lists the town of Pechory as a part of Pechorsky District.
  2. 1 2 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 58 240», в ред. изменения №259/2014 от 12 декабря 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 58 240, as amended by the Amendment #259/2014 of December 12, 2014. ).
  3. 1 2 3 4 Law #420-oz
  4. ↑ Федеральная служба государственной статистики. Федеральное агентство по технологическому регулированию и метрологии. №ОК 033-2013 1 января 2014 г. «Общероссийский классификатор территорий муниципальных образований. Код 58 640». (Federal State Statistics Service. Federal Agency on Technological Regulation and Metrology. #OK 033-2013 January 1, 2014 Russian Classification of Territories of Municipal Formations. Code 58 640. ).
  5. 1 2 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  6. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 05 апреля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of April 05, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 354. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
  8. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  9. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  10. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  11. ↑ Administrative-Territorial Structure of Pskov Oblast, p. 14
  12. ↑ Georg von Rauch (1974). The Baltic States: The Years of Independence, 1917–1940. London: C. Hurst & Co.
  13. ↑ http://books.google.com/books?id=dt2TXexiKTgC&pg=PT455&dq=%22Petseri+County%22&sig=ACfU3U2Md8I0JrpQE1wzxyESv-BsbixbnA#v=onepage&q=%22Petseri%20County%22&f=false
  14. ↑ http://www.estemb.se/estonian_review/aid-427 Estonian Parliament ratifies Estonian-Russian border treaties
  15. ↑ "Russia spurns Estonia border deal". BBC News. June 27, 2005. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
  16. ↑ Socor, Vladimir. "Russia cancels border treaty, assails Estonia". The Jameston Foundation. Retrieved June 26, 2014.

Sources

External links

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