Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia
Union of Pioneers of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Savez pionira Jugoslavije/Савез пионира Југославије; Slovene: Zveza pionirjev Jugoslavije (ZPJ); Macedonian: Сојуз на пионери на Југославија) was the indoctrinational pioneer movement of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Its members, basically all children of age seven and older, attended an annual ceremony and wore uniforms.
The uniforms consisted of red scarves as well as navy blue hats called Titovka. These hats were sometimes white, and bore a red star on the front. A white shirt was often worn with the Pioneer scarf (marama) and the Titovka, although this varied depending on which part of Yugoslavia the particular pioneer was from. Boys often wore navy blue shorts or pants, and girls wore skirts in the same colour, along with white stockings and black shoes. On special occasions, such as a visit from Josip Broz Tito, Pioniri sometimes wore traditional costumes from their native regions of Yugoslavia.
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The organization was founded on December 27, 1942. It was a substructure within the Socialist Youth Union of Yugoslavia. It published Male novine. The organization was divided into younger pioneers (7–11 years) and older pioneers (11–15 years).[1]
Unlike other pioneer movements the full military salute was used, honoring the children and youth who fought as part of the Yugoslav Partisans of the Second World War.
Induction and pledge
Typically, the induction ceremony took place in school for children aged 7 in the autumn of their first year in school, as part of the Republic Day celebrations. Following the ceremony, the children would be given a red Pioneer Booklet, similar to a communist party membership booklet. The booklet was signed by the "President of the Pioneer Committee", a senior pioneer and served as evidence of membership. The youngest generation that undertook it was born in 1982. The text of Yugoslav Pioneer pledge (pionirska zakletva) may have varied slightly from one school to another. Reconstructed from imperfect recollections, in Serbo-Croatian (words pronounceable in more than one way in Serbo-Croatian are presented in a Croatian pronunciation/Serbian pronunciation format):
- Danas, kada postajem pionir,
- dajem časnu pionirsku riječ/reč
- da ću marljivo učiti i raditi,
- poštovati roditelje i starije,
- i biti vjeran/veran i iskren drug,
- koji drži datu riječ/reč,
- da ću voljeti/voleti našu domovinu,
- samoupravnu Socijalističku Federativnu Republiku Jugoslaviju,
- da ću razvijati bratstvo i jedinstvo
- i ideje za koje se borio drug Tito,
- da ću cijeniti/ceniti sve ljude svijeta/sveta koji žele slobodu i mir!
In Slovene:
- Danes, ko postajam pionir
- dajem častno pionirsko besedo
- da se bom pridno učil in delal,
- spoštoval starše in učitelje,
- da bom zvest in iskren tovariš,
- ki drži svojo obljubo,
- da se bom ravnal po zgledu najboljših pionirjev,
- da bom spoštoval slavna dejanja partizanov,
- in napredne ljudi sveta,
- ki žele svobodo in mir,
- da bom ljubil svojo domovino
- samoupravno Socialistično Federativno Republiko Jugoslavijo,
- njene bratske narode in narodnosti
- in gradil novo življenje, polno sreče in radosti.
In English:
- Today, as I become a Pioneer,
- I give my Pioneer's word of honour -
- That I shall study and work diligently,
- respect parents and my seniors,
- and be a loyal and honest comrade/friend.
- That I shall love our homeland, self-managed
- socialist federal republic of Yugoslavia.
- That I shall spread brotherhood and unity
- and the principles for which comrade Tito fought.
- And that I shall value all peoples of the world who respect freedom and peace!
Across the former-Yugoslav territory (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia), many remember their days as Pioneers, and as a result, it is not uncommon to hear people refer to themselves as "Titov(a) pionir(ka)", meaning "Tito's Pioneer".[2][3]
Function
The social function of becoming a pioneer in communist countries was similar to that of First Communion in catholic church. In both cases, a child at the critical age of around seven is initiated as a member of a group within which the individuals share certain values and culture. This early initiation increases the likelihood that, once the child becomes an adult, it will identify with the group.
Children were high on Tito's agenda. Everything was invested for them - from education to their careers. Children were taught to be responsible and respectful, were asked to study hard and were considered the future generations of the nation.
References
- ↑ Lexikon - Bund der Pioniere der SFRJ
- ↑ "I ja sam bio ranjeni partizan". Jutarnji list (in Croatian). 2009-11-11. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
Prvi put Delićev film “Sutjeska” gledao sam kao Titov pionir u rodnoj Požegi u kinu Central. Svi učenici OŠ “Jovo Milanović Crnja” tog dana išli su u kino i gledali ovaj film, kao uostalom sve partizanske filmove.
- ↑ "1980.: Pamti se samo ovo: ‘Umro je drug Tito!’". Jutarnji list (in Croatian). 2010-07-15. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
Mi smo bili njegovi pioniri: svi imamo doma one crnobijele fotografije s plavom titovkom i crvenom zvijezdom na glavi, s crvenom maramom zavezanom preko platnene, bijele košulje, ispeglane na pruge.
See also
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