Pitheciinae

Pitheciinae[1] Temporal range: Miocene to recent
White-faced saki (Pithicia pithecia)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Family:	Pitheciidae
Subfamily:	Pitheciinae Mivart, 1865
Genera
Pithecia Chiropotes Cacajao †Homunculus

Pitheciinae is a subfamily of the New World monkey family Pitheciidae. It contains three genera and 14 species. Pitheciines are forest dwellers from northern and central South America, east of the Andes.

They are small to medium-sized primates, with a stocky build due to their close skin. The skin is covered in shaggy fur, its coloring varies depending upon species from black to grey and brown up to white. Parts of the face can be bald. The tail, which is not used for grasping but for balance, is also hairy, although the uakari's tail is only a stub.

Like most New World monkeys, they are diurnal and arboreal. They are good climbers and spend the majority of their life in the trees. They live in groups ranging in number from small groups (such as with the saki monkeys ) to as many as 50 animals. They communicate with a set of sounds which typically includes high cries and a nearly bird-like twitter.

Pitheciines are generally omnivores, the main part of their diet coming from fruits and insects. This is supplemented by flowers, buds, nuts and small vertebrates. Large canines help them to break through the hard rind of the unripe fruits.

Births are typically of single offspring with a gestation time of about 5 to 6 months. They typically reach maturity at approximately 3 to 4 years and can become up to 15 years old.

Classification

• Family Pitheciidae: titis, sakis and uakaris
  • Subfamily Pitheciinae
    • Genus Pithecia
      • Equatorial saki, Pithecia aequatorialis (Hershkovitz, 1987)
      • White-footed saki or buffy saki , Pithecia albicans (Gray, 1860)
      • Cazuza's saki, Pithecia cazuzai sp. nov. 2014
      • Golden-faced saki, Pithecia chrysocephala (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1850)
      • Hairy saki, Pithecia hirsuta (Spix, 1823)
      • Burnished saki, Pithecia inusta (Spix, 1823)
      • Rio Tapajós saki or Gray's bald-faced saki, Pithecia irrorata (Gray, 1842)
      • Isabel's saki, Pithecia isabela sp. nov. 2014
      • Monk saki, Pithecia monachus (É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812)
      • Miller's saki, Pithecia milleri (J. A. Allen, 1914)
      • Mittermeier's Tapajós saki, Pithecia mittermeieri sp. nov. 2014
      • Napo saki, Pithecia napensis (Lönnberg, 1938)
      • White-faced saki, Pithecia pithecia (Linnaeus 1766)
      • Pissinatti’s bald-faced saki, Pithecia pissinattii sp. nov. 2014
      • Rylands' bald-faced saki, Pithecia rylandsi sp. nov. 2014
      • Vanzolini's bald-faced saki, Pithecia vanzolinii (Hershkovitz, 1987)
    • Genus Chiropotes
      • Black bearded saki, Chiropotes satanas
      • Red-backed bearded saki, Chiropotes chiropotes
      • Brown-backed bearded saki, Chiropotes israelita
      • Uta Hick's bearded saki, Chiropotes utahickae
      • White-nosed saki, Chiropotes albinasus
    • Genus Cacajao
      • Black-headed uakari, Cacajao melanocephalus
      • Bald uakari, Cacajao calvus
      • Aracá uakari, Cacajao ayresii*
      • Neblina uakari, Cacajao hosomi*
  • Subfamily Callicebinae

*Newly described species.^[2]

References

1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., eds. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 146–148. OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.
2. Boubli, J. P., M. N. F. Da Silva, M. V. Amado, T. Hrbek, F. B. Pontual, and I. P. Farias (2008). "A taxonomic reassessment of black uakari monkeys, Cacajao melanocephalus group, Humboldt (1811), with the description of two new species". International Journal of Primatology 29: 723–749. doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9248-7.