Pitt River Expedition

Pitt River Expedition of 1859
Part of the American Indian Wars
Date 1859 Location California Result United States victory
Belligerents
California	Achomawi Atsugewi
Commanders and leaders
William C. Kibbe William Byrnes
Strength
Kibbe Rangers and local posses
Casualties and losses
	? killed ,500 captured

The Pitt River Expedition is the name given to several expeditions, detailed below. They were named for the Pit River and Pitt River Indians, (spelled differently,) as they were then called. The Pit River is one of several tributaries of the Sacramento River. The expeditions were part of the Indian wars in California which took place during the California Gold Rush.

US Military

First Pitt River Expedition

The most usually noted expedition is the Pitt River Expedition, in California, April 28 to September 13, 1850.^[1] The Indian Agent, Colonel E. A. Stevenson, led the expedition to the Achomawi (Pit River), Atsugewi (Hat Creek) and Modoc to establish relations with them.

Second Pitt River Expedition

In 1857, George Crook, later US Civil War Officer and General led the second Pitt River Expedition as a 1st lieutenant in 1857. In one of the several engagements, he was severely wounded by an Indian arrow.^[2]

State of California's Pitt River Expedition (1859)

The State of California notes expenditures for the California Militia and “Expeditions Against the Indians”, 1850–1859; which makes note of a Pitt River Expedition in 1859 . Ongoing conflicts between settlers and the tribes in the northern counties of California provoked appeals by citizens for the removal of the tribes from the region. Federal authorities could not do so due to the shortage of Federal troops available; some were already involved in the early phases of the Bald Hills War. Citizens requested Governor John B. Weller to call out State troops from the northern counties to remove the Indians from the mountains and place them on a reservation.

The Governor sent Adjutant General of California, William C. Kibbe to the northern counties of California to organize volunteer military companies to stop Indian raids, collect them and remove them to the Mendocino Indian Reservation. At Red Bluff, General Kibbe raised a company of 93 California militia, the Kibbe Rangers, under Captain William Byrnes. General Kibbe directed Captain Byrnes to carry out an expedition against the Indians in Tehama, Shasta, Plumas, and Butte counties. In the following three months, Captain Byrnes' rangers had many minor clashes with bands of Indians and captured more than 500. Due to the snow blocking the route over the coastal ranges to the Mendocino Reservation, the captive Indians were taken by steamboat from Red Bluff to the Tejon Reservation.^[3]

References

1. "Appendix". The United States Historical Sketches of Staff and Line with Portraits of Generals in Chief. New York: Maynard, Merrill, & Co. 1896.- reproduced at the United States Army Center of Military History
2. Colonel Herbert M. Hart, USMC (retired), "Historic California Posts; Fort Crook," California State Military Museum
3. The California State Military Museum; California State Militia and National Guard Unit Histories: Kibbe Rangers