Plücker's conoid

Figure 1. Plücker’s conoid with n=2.
Figure 2. Plücker’s conoid with n = 3.
Figure 3. Plücker’s conoid with n = 4.

In geometry, Plücker’s conoid is a ruled surface named after the German mathematician Julius Plücker. It is also called a conical wedge or cylindroid; however, the latter name is ambiguous, as "cylindroid" may also refer to an elliptic cylinder.

Plücker’s conoid is the surface defined by the function of two variables:

z=\frac{2xy}{x^2+y^2}.

This function has an essential singularity at the origin.

By using cylindrical coordinates in space, we can write the above function into parametric equations

 x=v\cos u,\quad y=v\sin u,\quad z=\sin 2u.

Thus Plücker’s conoid is a right conoid, which can be obtained by rotating a horizontal line about the z-axis with the oscillatory motion (with period 2π) along the segment [1, 1] of the axis (Figure 4).

A generalization of Plücker’s conoid is given by the parametric equations

 x=v \cos u,\quad y=v \sin u,\quad z= \sin nu.

where n denotes the number of folds in the surface. The difference is that the period of the oscillatory motion along the z-axis is 2π/n. (Figure 5 for n = 3)

Figure 4. Plücker’s conoid with n = 2.
Figure 5. Plücker’s conoid with n = 3

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