List of players who have converted from one football code to another
There are many players who have converted from one football code to another or even changed from other sports at a professional or representational level. In some cases, the player may also return to the original code, so the traffic is not merely one way.
In some countries, such as the United Kingdom or Australia where multiple codes are popular and the practice of switching codes is relatively common they are known simply as a code convert[1] or code hopper. In Australia star code converts can have a substantial impact on the football codes. For instance, Dally Messenger's defection from rugby union to rugby league was considered a pivotal moment in the establishment of the latter code over other codes in Australia.[2][3]
Globalisation is increasing the opportunities for players to transfer to different countries and to different professional sports, including the codes of football.
From American football
American football to Canadian football
American football and Canadian football are very similar gridiron codes; talented Canadian youth players are often recruited by American universities offering scholarships, and conversely the Canadian Football League enforces roster minimums for Canadian-trained players to prevent its clubs from fielding American-dominated rosters. The CFL and NFL competed for the same player pool in their earlier years before the CFL settled into a de facto (and from time to time formal) developmental role to its American sister. Dozens of professional players move between these codes' top professional leagues every year, making any attempt at a list incomplete at best.
Two quarterbacks in particular became well-known in both codes. Warren Moon, a California native who starred at the University of Washington, began his professional career with the Edmonton Eskimos before crossing the border back south to the Houston Oilers and later Minnesota Vikings, earning Hall of Fame recognition in both professional leagues. Doug Flutie, who authored a comeback win for Boston College considered an iconic moment in the history of American college football, played a long CFL career that led to him being the first non-Canadian honored with induction to Canada's Sports Hall of Fame before a brief NFL coda.
American football to rugby league
| Name | Country | Top American Football Level | Top Rugby League Level | American football debut | Rugby league debut |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manfred Moore | USA | National Football League (San Francisco/Tampa Bay/Oakland) | New South Wales Rugby Football League (Newtown) | 1974 | 1977 |
| Philippe Gardent | France | NFL Europe (Berlin/Cologne) | National League One (Crusaders) | 2003 | 2008 |
American football to rugby union
| Name | Country | Top American football level | Top rugby union level | Top representation level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bennie Brazell | USA | NFL (injured reserve) | USA sevens | |
| Dave Hodges | USA | NCAA Division III | Welsh Premiership | USA (15s) |
| Carlin Isles | USA | NFL (practice squad) | Pro12 | USA sevens |
| Dan Lyle | USA | NCAA Division I FCS | English Premiership | USA (15s) |
| Leonard Peters | USA | NFL (practice squad) | USA Rugby Men's Club Division I | USA (7s and 15s) |
| Richard Tardits | France, later USA | NFL | Top 14 | USA (15s) |
NB:
- Isles made the Detroit Lions practice squad late in the 2013 season, after having become a sevens international. However, he never appeared in an NFL game, and has since signed a professional contract in 15s.
- Tardits switched codes twice: to American football as a young adult, and back to rugby union after a brief NFL career. He played for Biarritz Olympique and the France under-21 national team before switching to American football, and played for the USA national team after returning to his original code.
American football to Australian rules football
| Name | Country | Top American Football Level | Top Australian rules football Level | American football debut | Aussie rules debut |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dwayne Armstrong | USA | NCAA Division I (Iowa State) | Australian Football League reserves (Essendon) | 1991 | 1995 |
| Brandon Kaufman | USA | National Football League (Buffalo - Practice squad) | Australian Football League (Gold Coast) | 2013 | - |
From association football
Association football to American football
Numerous American football placekickers grew up playing football (soccer); however, very few have competed at a very high level in their original code. A large number of the first "soccer-style" placekickers of the 1960s and early 1970s were Europeans and Latin Americans who changed codes in adulthood. Eventually, kickers who changed codes in adulthood were largely, though not completely, displaced by players who were either born and raised in the U.S. or immigrated to the U.S. at a relatively early age, thus receiving more exposure to American football than most of the first soccer-style placekickers.
Most of the women to have played men's American football have crossed over from soccer.
Association football to Gaelic football
| Name | Country | Top soccer Level | Top Gaelic football Level | Top representation level | Playing Era |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ciarán Lyng | Ireland | Preston North End F.C., Shrewsbury Town F.C., Ireland underage teams | Wexford senior football team | 2000s | |
| Shane Supple | Ireland | Ipswich Town F.C., Falkirk F.C. | Dublin senior football team | 2000s | |
| Anthony Tohill | Ireland | Derry City F.C., Manchester United F.C. Reserves | Derry senior football team | 1990s, 2000s |
Association football to rugby union
- Luke McAlister, a New Zealand international rugby union footballer, grew up in the north-west of England and had a trial with Manchester United before converting to rugby union at an early age.
- The late Nevin Spence, former Ulster and Ireland A player, played for Northern Ireland under 16s before switching to rugby.
- Loreto Cucchiarelli former player-coach of the Italian rugby union team, played football for Lazio at a young age.
- Conrad Jantjes played for the youth national team of South Africa at soccer, rugby union and cricket.
- Brothers Kevin O'Flanagan and Mick O'Flanagan represented Ireland at both soccer and rugby union.
- Kenny Logan, Scottish rugby internationalist had Football trials as a goalkeeper for Dundee United and Hearts.
- England international Danny Cipriani played on the junior team of QPR and was offered a spot in Reading's youth setup before switching to rugby. Even after his switch, he has flirted with a return to association football, having trained with QPR, Tottenham, the Colorado Rapids, and most recently MK Dons.
- Melissa Ruscoe has not only represented New Zealand in both soccer and rugby union, but has captained both sides.[4]
- Frank Hadden, Scottish rugby player and coach, had trials with both Queens Park Rangers and Forfar Athletic, as well as being offered a contract by Raith Rovers.[5]
Association football to rugby league
| Name | Country | Top soccer Level | Top rugby league Level | Top representation level | Playing Era |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ted Bateson | England | Blackburn Rovers | Wakefield Trinity | none | 1920s |
- St Helens RLFC players Steve Tyrer and Matty Smith were on the books at Wigan Athletic and Everton F.C. respectively. Tyrer was a goalkeeper and Smith was a midfielder, the latter appearing in the Everton reserve team on a few occasions.
From Australian rules football
Australian rules football to American football
Notably, the specialist American football punting role requires similar skills to those found in Australian football players.
Australian rules football to Canadian football
| Name | Country | Top Aussie rules level | Top American football level | Aussie Rules Debut | Canadian Football Debut |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Josh Bartel[6] | Australia | Ovens & Murray Football League (Wodonga) | Canadian Football League (Hamilton/Saskatchewan) | 2012 |
Australian rules football to association football
International Rules participation provides experience with the round ball and even goal keeping.
As well as the players below, some player have been known to have played amateur level soccer after retiring from the AFL include Gary Ablett, James Hird, Gavin Wanganeen,[7] Glenn Manton and Ang Christou.
| Name | Country | Top Aussie rules level | Top Soccer level | Top representation level | Aussie Rules Debut | Soccer Debut |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peter Bevilaqua | Australia | Victorian Football League (Carlton) | Victorian Premier League (Brunswick Juventus) | N/A | 1953 | 1954 |
| Fred Agius | Australia | South Australian National Football League (Central Districts) | National Soccer League (Adelaide United) | Olyroos (Soccer) | 2003 | 2003 |
| Angelo Lekkas | Australia | Australian Football League (Hawthorn) | Victorian Premier League (South Melbourne) | Victoria (AR) Australia (Inter-rules) | 1993 | 2005 |
Australian rules football to Gaelic football
Some players involved in the Irish Experiment to play professional Australian rules football returned to Ireland and went on to be notable in senior football. Such players have included:
| Name | Country | Top Australian Rules Level | Top Gaelic football Level | Top representation level | Aussie Rules Debut | Gaelic football Debut |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paul Earley | Ireland | Victorian Football League (Melbourne) | Gaelic Athletic Association (Roscommon) | Ireland (Inter-rules) | 1984 | 1985 |
| Dermot McNicholl | Ireland | Victorian Football League (St Kilda) | Gaelic Athletic Association (Derry) | Ireland (Inter-rules) | 1989 | 1991 |
| Anthony Tohill | Ireland | Australian Football League reserves (Melbourne) | Gaelic Athletic Association (Derry) | Ireland (Inter-rules) | 1990 | 1991 |
| Brian Stynes | Ireland | Australian Football League (Melbourne) | Gaelic Athletic Association (Dublin) | Ireland (Inter-rules) Ireland (AR) | 1992 | 1995 |
| Tadhg Kennelly | Ireland | Australian Football League (Sydney) | Gaelic Athletic Association (Kerry) | Ireland (Inter-rules) | 2001 | 2009 |
Australian rules football to rugby union
As in rugby league and Australian rules, early in the history of the two codes in Australia the two codes were interchangeable . There is a much greater divide today. Jason Akermanis was the first professional Australian football player to suggest a switch to rugby union.[8] Nevertheless, there are still some positions and roles that have commonalities.[9] Also at amateur level, conversion is quite common, as in the case of many start-up Australian Rules clubs in countries such as France[10] and developing Aussie Rules countries such as New Zealand and Samoa where there are dual-internationals at junior level.
Australian rules football to rugby league
Early in the history of the two codes in Australia, players would interchange the codes and even had discussions of merging them into a single game.[13] Rugby league has since evolved to specialise in physicality and body type making it more difficult for successful conversion between the two, although it does sometimes happen at junior level, particularly in areas where both codes are played (such as the Riverina region). Though the modern specialist fullback and winger positions in rugby league can be suitable for the body type and skill of some Australian rules players. League greats Darren Lockyer,[14] Glen Lazarus,[15] Greg Brentnall,[16] Peter Sterling, Marcus Bai and Kevin Proctor[17] played Aussie Rules at a junior level.
From Canadian football
Canadian football to American football
As discussed above, Canadian and American football are highly similar gridiron codes. Dozens if not hundreds of players and coaches move back and forth between Canadian and American codes every season and occasionally even within a season, making assembling a list of these players an impossible and largely immaterial task.
From Gaelic football
Gaelic football is especially vulnerable to code-switching, for reasons outlined by rugby union journalist Hugh Farrelly in 2009:
| “ | The parochialism that is the GAA's greatest strength (every village in Ireland has a local team) is also its Achilles heel for, with no viable international outlet, the Association is vulnerable to other sports. Furthermore, a strict adherence to its amateur code means talented youngsters can be lured away from the game they grew up with... by the prospect of pay for play....[20] | ” |
Gaelic football to Association football
- Jack Kirwan (Dublin GAA) / St James Gate, Tottenham Hotspur & Everton F.C.
- Val Harris (Dublin GAA) / Shelbourne & Everton FC
- Con Martin (Dublin GAA) / Leeds United, Aston Villa
Gaelic football to Australian rules football
Like rugby union and league, the two codes share similarities, making switching between them a possibility. International rules representation for players of both codes is common. The Gaelic Athletic Association prohibits professionalism, meaning that there is a financial lure for players to compete in the professional elite Aussie Rules competitions in Australia.[21]
| Name | Country | Top Gaelic level | Top Aussie rules level | Top representation level | Gaelic football Debut | Aussie Rules Debut |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sean Wight | Scotland | Kerry minor (Under-18) | AFL | NA | 1982 | 1985 |
| Paul Earley | Ireland | Gaelic Athletic Association | VFL | NA | 1982 | 1984 |
| Dermot McNicholl | Ireland | Derry All-Ireland winner 1993 | AFL | NA | 1980 | 1990 |
| Brian Stynes | Ireland | Dublin All-Ireland winner 1995 | AFL | Ireland (Inter-rules), Ireland (AR) | 198? | 1992 |
| Jim Stynes | Ireland | Dublin All-Ireland (Minor) winner 1994 | AFL (Brownlow Medallist) | Ireland (Inter-rules) | 1984 | 1987 |
| Tadhg Kennelly | Ireland | Kerry All-Ireland winner 2009 | AFL premiership 2005 | Ireland (Inter-rules) | 2001- | |
| Colm Begley | Ireland | Gaelic Athletic Association | AFL | Ireland (Inter-rules) | 2006- | |
| Martin Clarke | Ireland | Down All-Ireland (Minor) winner 2005 | AFL | Ireland (Inter-rules) | 2005- | |
| Pearce Hanley | Ireland | Mayo GAA | AFL | Ireland (Inter-rules) | 2008- | |
| Michael Quinn | Ireland | Gaelic Athletic Association | AFL | N/A | 2009- | |
| Kevin Dyas | Ireland | Gaelic Athletic Association | AFL | N/A | 2009- | |
| Jamie O'Reilly | Ireland | Gaelic Athletic Association | AFL | N/A | 2010- | |
| Zach Tuohy | Ireland | Gaelic Athletic Association | AFL | Ireland (Inter-rules) | 2011- | |
| Caolan Mooney | Ireland | Down GAA | AFL | N/A | 2012- |
Gaelic football to rugby union
Up until the mid-1990s, both codes were officially amateur. However the professionalisation of rugby union has provided a financial lure.
NB: Byrne changed codes twice. He first switched to rugby union as a teenager, then returned to Gaelic football after a long professional rugby career. This entry discusses his Gaelic football career before his first code switch.
Gaelic football to rugby league
| Name | Country | Top Gaelic football level | Top rugby league Level | Top representation level | Gaelic football debut | Rugby league debut |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brian Carney | Ireland | Gaelic Athletic Association (Valleymount) | Super League (Gateshead/Hull/Wigan) | Ireland (RL) Great Britain (RL) | 1998 | 1999 |
see also Category:Gaelic footballers who switched code
From rugby union
Rugby union to association football
| Name | Country | Top rugby union Level | Top association football Level | Top representation level | Playing Era |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| J.W. Sutcliffe | England | Bradford F.C./Heckmondwike | Bolton Wanderers/Manchester United | England (both) | 1880s/1910s |
| Adam Holloway | England | Henley Hawks/ Crusaders | Strathcona Terriers FC | England/New Zealand/Canada | 2000s |
| Tony Ward | Ireland | Munster/Ireland/British and Irish Lions | Shamrock Rovers/Limerick United | British and Irish Lions | 1970s and 1980s |
| Tommy Moroney | Ireland | Munster | West Ham United | Republic of Ireland | 1940s |
| Aaron Ramsey | Wales | Caerphilly RFC (youth team) | Cardiff City/Arsenal | Wales | 2000s |
| Henry Renny-Tailyour | Scotland | Scotland | Royal Engineers A.F.C. | Scotland | 1870s, 1880s |
| Martín Terán | Argentina | Tucumán Rugby Club, Nacional de Clubes | Atlético Tucumán | Argentina | 1996-1997 |
| Ted Bateson | England | Yorkshire, Skipton RFC | Blackburn Rovers | Yorkshire (RU) | 1920s |
Rugby union to Gaelic football
| Name | Country | Top rugby union Level | Top Gaelic football Level | Top representation level | Playing Era |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shane Byrne | Ireland | Leinster Rugby, Ireland, British and Irish Lions | Aughrim GAA | 1990s, 2000s | |
| Eric Miller | Ireland | Old Wesley, Leicester Tigers, Leinster, the Barbarians, Ireland, British and Irish Lions | Dublin senior football team | Dublin senior football team | 1990s, 2000s |
Rugby league / rugby union
Two of the closest codes, they share some similar skills. Until 1995 union was "officially amateur" and union players were offered money to switch codes. That trend has since reversed. Conversion from one code to the other is more difficult for forwards rather than backs where the similarities are most adjacent. It is worth noting that several players, including Iestyn Harris and Mat Rogers, have converted between the two codes on more than one occasion.
Rugby union to rugby league
Rugby union to American football
Rugby union and American football share the same origins, but have evolved into very different games. Both are very physical and require similar body types.
Rugby union to Australian rules football
In recent years, several schoolboy rugby union players have made a transition to Australian Rules, including Ray Smith (Queensland Under 19), Jim Stynes, Lewis Roberts-Thomson, Aaron Edwards, Adam Campbell (New Zealand Under 15), Daniel Merrett, Brad Moran (West Midlands (England) Under 16) and Tom Williams (Queensland Under 16).
In 2012, Canadian Mike Pyke became the first former professional rugby player to win an AFL premiership.
| Name | Country | Top Rugby union | Top Aussie rules level | Top representation level | Rugby Union Debut | Australian Rules Debut |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mike Pyke | Canada | Top 14 (France) (US Montauban) | Australian Football League (Sydney) | Canada (RU) | 2002 | 2009 |
| Karmichael Hunt | Australia | Top 14 (France) (Biarritz) | Australian Football League (Gold Coast) | French Barbarians (RU) | 2009 | 2011 |
From rugby league
Rugby league to rugby union
While the traffic used to be almost entirely from rugby union to rugby league, the tide has now turned the other way, and numerous rugby league players have gone over to union, since the game was professionalised.
Rugby league to Australian rules football
In recent years, several junior and schoolboy rugby league players have made a transition to Australian rules, including Wayne Carey,[23] Paul Kelly,[24] Kieren Jack,[25] Michael McLean,[26] Andrew McLeod,[26] Jared Brennan,[26] Matthew Whelan,[26] and Sam Gilbert.[27]
| Name | Country | Top rugby league level | Top Aussie Rules level | Top representation level | Rugby League Debut | Australian Rules Debut |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ray Smith[28] | Australia | Brisbane Rugby League (Fortitude Valley) | Victorian Football League[29] (Essendon/Melbourne) | Queensland (RL) Queensland (AR) | 1970 | 1971 |
| Fabian Francis | Australia | Northern Territory Rugby League (Litchfield) | Australian Football League (Melbourne/Brisbane/Port Adelaide) | Northern Territory (RL) Aboriginal All-Stars (AR) | 1992 | 1993 |
| Karmichael Hunt | Australia | National Rugby League (Brisbane) | Australian Football League (Gold Coast) | Australian Kangaroos (RL) | 2004 | 2009 |
| Israel Folau | Australia | National Rugby League (Melbourne/Brisbane) | Australian Football League (Greater Western Sydney) | Australian Kangaroos (RL) | 2007 | 2010 |
Rugby league to American football
On 3 March 2015 Jarryd Hayne became the first rugby league player (that hadn't already played in the NFL) to sign a contract with a National Football League team.[30]
| Name | Country | Top Rugby league level | Top American football level | Top representation level | Rugby league Debut | American football Debut |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manfred Moore | USA | New South Wales Rugby League (Newtown) | National Football League (Minnesota) | N/A | 1977 | 1978 |
| Jarryd Hayne | Australia | National Rugby League (Parramatta) | National Football League (San Francisco) | Australian Kangaroos (RL) Fiji Bati (RL) | 2006 | 2015 |
See also
- Comparison of American football and Canadian football
- Comparison of American football and rugby union
- Comparison of American football and rugby league
- Comparison of Canadian football and rugby union
- Comparison of Australian rules football and Gaelic football
- Comparison of Gaelic football and rugby union
- Comparison of rugby union and rugby league
- List of Australian rules footballers and cricketers
- List of cricket and rugby union players
- List of cricket and rugby league players
References
- ↑ Globalisation and the future of indigenous football codes. Lionel Frost. Economic Society of Australia. 2004
- ↑ "Dally Messenger reinstated to NSWRU record books - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Abc.net.au. 2007-06-24. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- ↑ "Saintsandheathens.Com | Australian Rugby History | Sean Fagan". Rl1908.com. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- ↑ "Player Profiles — Melissa Ruscoe". New Zealand Rugby Union. Retrieved 2010-08-19.
- ↑ Lothian, Bill (16 May 2005). "Hadden can follow in my footsteps, says Dwyer". scotsman.com. Retrieved 2006-11-11.
- ↑ "Australian punter turns heads for Hamilton Tiger-Cats | CTV News". Ctvnews.ca. 2013-11-24. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- ↑ "???". News.com.au. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- ↑ "Official Website of the Australian Rugby Union". Aru.rugby.com.au. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- ↑ "Official Website of Queensland Reds Rugby - redsrugby.com.au". Qru.com.au. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- ↑ Aaron Richard. "French almost pull off an upset against the Reading Roos". World Footy News. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- ↑ "N&Cfnc Detailed History - Newtown & Chilwell - Fox Sports Pulse". Sportingpulse.com. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- ↑ "20 Dec 1922 - SCHOOL SPEECH DAYS. GEELONG COLLEGE. Lady Forste". Trove.nla.gov.au. 1922-12-20. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- ↑ "Saintsandheathens.Com | Australian Rugby History | Sean Fagan". Rl1908.com. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- ↑ "Bennett : My greatest insult". News.com.au. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- ↑ http://senatorlazarus.com/career-overview/
- 1 2 http://www.wagga.nsw.gov.au/museum/collections/hall-of-fame/inductees/brentnall,-greg
- ↑ http://www.smh.com.au/rugby-league/league-news/proctor-the-ultimate-codehopper-20130703-2pcbf.html
- ↑ Barry Spring didn't do a Sonny Bill on Mayne
- ↑ http://www.qt.com.au/news/hooper-a-code-hopper-talent-rhan-hooper/1377575/
- ↑ Farrelly, Hugh (2009-09-15). "The most progressive team in Ireland". Scrum.com. Retrieved 2010-01-28. In this piece, Farrelly also dismisses the International Rules series as a viable international outlet, stating that it "is popular with the combatants but has never captured the public's imagination."
- ↑ "Begley warns Aussies are watching". GAA. 2006-01-03. Retrieved 2009-01-26.
- ↑ Note: first player to play for both national teams post RU professional era
- ↑ Charles Happell. "Wayne Carey: Hell and back". Theage.com.au. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- ↑ "Lets Chase Johnathan Thurston for AFL Paul Kelly". Dailytelegraph.com.au. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- ↑ "Poaching league players worth it: Jack - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Abc.net.au. 2010-06-25. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- 1 2 3 4 Archived March 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "Sam Gilbert Helps Lead St Kilda Charge Towards AFL Premiership". Couriermail.com.au. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- ↑ "No. 56 Ray Smith - AFL Queensland - FOX SPORTS PULSE". Sportingpulse.com. 2008-11-16. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
- ↑ First Queenslander to play 100 AFL games
- ↑ James Macsmith (2015-03-03). "Jarryd Hayne joins NFL's San Francisco 49ers on a futures contract". Smh.com.au. Retrieved 2015-05-14.