Pocono Mountains
| The Poconos | |
|---|---|
 View from Mount Pocono Lookout | |
| Highest point | |
| Peak | Camelback Mountain (Big Pocono) |
| Elevation | 2,133 ft (650 m) |
| Coordinates | 41°2′30.84″N 75°20′44.88″W / 41.0419000°N 75.3458000°WCoordinates: 41°2′30.84″N 75°20′44.88″W / 41.0419000°N 75.3458000°W |
| Naming | |
| Etymology | Lenape Indian term for "stream between two mountains". |
| Geography | |
 Map of Pennsylvania showing the Glaciated Pocono Plateau Section, also known as the Poconos. | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| Counties | |
| Parent range | Glaciated Allegheny Plateau |
The Pocono Mountains, commonly referred to as the Poconos, is a geographical, geological, and cultural region located in northeastern Pennsylvania, United States. The Poconos are an upland of the larger Allegheny Plateau. Forming a 2,400 square miles (6,200 km2) escarpment overlooking the Delaware River and Delaware Water Gap to the east, the mountains are bordered on the north by Lake Wallenpaupack, on the west by the Wyoming Valley and the Coal Region, and to the south by the Lehigh Valley. It comes from the Minsi or Munsee Indian word Pokawachne (pronounced Poke Ah Waak-nay), which means "Creek Between Two Hills."[1]
The wooded hills and valleys have long been a popular vacation area, with many communities having resort hotels with fishing, hunting, skiing, and other sports facilities.
Population
The Pocono Mountains are a popular recreational destination for local and regional visitors. While the area has long been a popular tourist destination, many communities have seen a rise in population, especially in Coolbaugh Township and other communities within Monroe County. The region has a population of about 340,300, which is growing at a rapid pace, largely attributable to vacationers from New York and New Jersey turning vacation homes into permanent residences.[2] The region lacks a major population center, although there are municipalities such as Stroudsburg, East Stroudsburg, Mount Pocono, and the townships around them which are all in Monroe County where the population is 165,058, which is about half of the total population in the Poconos.
The Poconos now serves as a commuter community for New York City and northern New Jersey.[3] The commute often takes as much as two hours each way due to traffic.
Municipalities and communities
The Pocono Mountains of northeastern Pennsylvania is divided into six regions: Mountain Region, Lake Region, Delaware River Region, Upper Delaware River Region, Wyoming Valley, and Lehigh River Gorge Region.[4]
Mountain RegionLocated in Monroe, Luzerne, and northern Carbon counties
Lake RegionLocated in Pike and Wayne counties:
Delaware River RegionLocated in Monroe and Pike counties: Upper Delaware River RegionLocated in Pike and Wayne counties: Wyoming ValleyLocated in Lackawanna county: Outlying AreasThe boundary of the region can be at times, unclear, and these Lehigh Valley, Carbon County, Schuylkill County, and Greater Hazleton (Luzerne County) communities fall on the periphery of the Poconos:
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Transportation I-80 is the main east-west Interstate Highway in the Pocono Mountains The Poconos Region is served by many state highways. The most-used of these highways include Pennsylvania Route 115, Pennsylvania Route 715, Pennsylvania Route 903 (Designated in some areas as the "Highway to Adventure" because of the numerous venues and resorts along the highway), Pennsylvania Route 33, Pennsylvania Route 940, and Pennsylvania Route 611. Pennsylvania Route 309, a major north-south route connecting Northeastern Pennsylvania with the Delaware Valley region passes through the western end of the region. There are two U.S. Highways in the Pocono Mountains region. The most used is Route 209, which goes from Ulster, New York to Millersburg, Pennsylvania (near Harrisburg). The halfway point of the route is in the region north of Stroudsburg. The other main U.S. Highway in the region is U.S. Route 6, which is a transcontinental highway that starts near Bishop, California and runs for over 3,000 miles to its eastern terminus in Provincetown, Massachusetts. It is designated a scenic route in Pennsylvania. 11, 22, and U.S. Route 46 are also not far from the region and serve it indirectly. The main east-west Interstate Highway in the region is Interstate 80, off of which branches Interstate 380, which connects the Poconos to Scranton. The other Interstate Highways in the region in Interstate 476, the Pennsylvania Turnpike's Northeast Extension, which has interchanges near Lehighton (Mahoning Valley), Albrightsville (Route 903), and White Haven (Pocono), and Interstate 81, which serves as an alternate route for the much-busier Interstate 95, particularly for travelers from Toronto, Syracuse, and Montreal to Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, and Baltimore. Other Interstates that serve the region are Interstate 84, which begins in Scranton and goes east to New England, and Interstate 78, by way of Route 33 or Route 309. Restoration of passenger rail serviceNew Jersey Transit is rebuilding trackage on the Lackawanna Cut-Off route from Scranton, through the Poconos, to Hoboken, New Jersey. There is no clear estimated target year when the Lackawanna Cut-Off service will be in operation. The service would consist of nine trains per day in each direction. Until 1970 the Erie-Lackawanna Railroad operated long distance trains through the Poconos to Buffalo and Chicago to the west, and Hoboken to the east. Geography and climate Map of the main regions of the northeast Appalachians. The Pocono Mountains is a defined area encompassing portions of Carbon, Monroe, Pike, and southern Wayne counties of Pennsylvania.[5] In total, the Poconos encompasses over 2,500 square miles (6,500 km2). Some definitions also extend the Poconos to Lackawanna, Luzerne, far eastern Schuylkill, and Susquehanna counties. The Poconos are geologically part of the Allegheny Plateau, like the nearby Catskills. The Poconos' highest summit, Camelback Mountain (Big Pocono), reaches 2,133 feet, while its lowest elevation is 350 feet (107 m) in Pike County. The Delaware River flows through the Pocono Mountains and gives the region its name, from a Native American term roughly translating to "stream between two mountains." The Lehigh and Lackawaxen Rivers also flow through the region, totaling about 170 miles (270 km) of waterways. RecreationThe Poconos is a well-known outdoor recreation destination for visitors around the northeast, especially from New York City and Philadelphia. The region encompasses the Delaware State Forest, including six designated natural areas, seven state parks, and seventeen state game lands.[6] The Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area is on the eastern edge of the Poconos and includes 70,000 acres of wilderness.[7] Resorts Inn At Pocono Manor (May 2015)  The Shawnee Inn Two of the earliest resorts in the Poconos were opened by Philadelphia Quakers: Inn at Buck Hill Falls (1901) and Pocono Manor (1902).[8][9] Buck Hill's stone facade became a model for close to 300 stately stone-and-shingle homes in the region.[10] Buck Hill closed in 1990 while the Inn at Pocono Manor is considered the oldest continuously operating resort in the Poconos.[9][10] Buckwood Inn opened in 1911 as one of the first golfing resorts. It is a Spanish colonial revival building with white-Moorish architecture and Spanish tiled roofs.[10] Bandleader Fred Waring purchased the resort in 1943, renamed it the Shawnee Inn, and broadcast his radio shows from there.[11] In 2014 the Shawnee Inn was identified as "the only resort on a 100-mile stretch of the Delaware River."[12] Skytop Lodge, built in 1928, is described as a "Dutch Colonial-style manor house." The resort encompasses 5,500 acres with 30 miles of hiking trails.[13] Novelist Faith Baldwin wrote about her 1932 visit to Skytop, "Here are friendly mountains, round-breasted, smiling in the clear, rosy light of dawn."[14] Tamiment was a popular resort among Jewish singles from the working and emerging middle class[15] and had been described as "a progressive version of the Catskills..."[16] The 2,200 acre facility opened in 1921 to generate income for the Rand School of Social Science, a Socialist school in New York.[15][17][18] Tamiment Playhouse entertained resort guests with an original revue every Saturday night during the 10-week summer season, and many prominent Broadway and TV figures gained experience there.[19] The playhouse was referred to as the "Poconos boot camp for Broadway writers and performers."[20] The revues were discontinued in 1960 and the resort closed down in 2005.[18][21] Unity House, a 655-acre Pocono retreat, offered affordable vacations for factory workers. The resort was owned for seventy years by the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, and it served as a staging ground for union activities.[22][23] Ron Devlin of the The Morning Call referred to Unity House as a "blue-collar 'Hilton.'"[22] Eleanor Roosevelt visited Unity House many times and wrote, "...you could not put children in a more favorable environment..."[24] The resort closed down in 1990, falling victim to changing times and declining union membership.[22][23] In 1945 Rudolf Von Hoevenberg established the first honeymoon resort in the Poconos, Farm on the Hill. By 1960, the Poconos rivaled Niagara Falls as a honeymoon destination, attracting 100,000 couples a year.[25] Morris Wilkins, co-owner of Cove Haven, invented the heart-shaped bathtub in 1963 as a way to lure honeymoon customers.[26][27][28] The tub would appear in other couples resorts and became a symbol of the Pocono resort business.[26][29][30] Author Lawrence Squeri wrote in 2002, "If Americans today are asked to name the image that best represents the Poconos, chances are that many will cite couples resorts and heart-shaped bathtubs..."[26] In the 1950s the Kiesendahl family purchased a 12-bedroom boarding house along Lake Teedyuskung. It became the Woodloch Resort and, as of 2014, it encompassed 1,000 acres and accommodated 900 guests in a variety of lodgings. Travel + Leisure identified the Lodge at Woodloch (founded 2006) as the number 3 destination spa in the world.[7] As of June 2015, there were four Pocono resorts with indoor water parks: Great Wolf Lodge, Split Rock Resort, Camelback Resort, and Kalahari Resort.[31] In 2014 Jayne Clark of USA Today wrote, "The former Honeymoon Capital of the World, the Poconos -- rebranded in 2007 as the Pocono Mountains -- continues to fine-tune its image as a family-friendly outdoor adventureland, health spa getaway and emerging waterpark capital."[7] GamblingIn November 2006 the Pocono Downs harness-racing complex opened the first slot-machine parlor in the state of Pennsylvania. It was owned by the Mohegan Indian Tribe of Connecticut and included two gambling floors with nearly 1,100 machines.[32] The Mount Airy Casino Resort opened in October 2007 with about 2,500 slot machines. The owner, Louis DeNaples, was later charged with perjury due to suspected ties with organized crime figures. He turned the resort over to his daughter and avoided prosecution.[33] CampingThe Poconos are home to several Scout camps. Camp Minsi, owned by the Boy Scouts' Minsi Trails Council, is centrally located in the Poconos on a property of 1,200 acres (490 ha) in Pocono Summit. Camp Mosey Wood, owned by the Girl Scouts' Eastern Pennsylvania council, is located on a property of 425 acres (170 ha) in White Haven, Pennsylvania. Other Scout camps located in the Poconos include Goose Pond Scout Reservation (Lake Ariel), Resica Falls Scout Reservation (Marshalls Creek), and Trexler Scout Reservation (Jonas). The Poconos are also home to several Jewish summer camps, including Camp Massad, Camp Poyntelle, Camp Ramah, and Pinemere Camp.[34] Other non-denominational season summer camps include Camp Lohikan, Tyler Hill Camp, Camp Watonka, and Pocono Springs Camp. Racing NASCAR racing at Pocono Raceway Pocono Raceway, a major automobile racetrack, is home to an IndyCar race, the ABC Supply 500 in August, and two NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races, the Axalta "We Paint Winners" 400[35] in early June, and the Pennsylvania 400 in late July or early August. It also serves as a racing school and motorcycle track. The two dates in Pocono are vital to the region for the tourism money it brings to the local economy. As of 2010 the Mattioli family, owners of Pocono Raceway, allows sponsors on the names of the races, which before then were called just The Pocono 500 and The Pennsylvania 500. Pocono Raceway is the closest track to Philadelphia and the major metropolitan areas of New York and New Jersey. SkiingSkiing was a $230 million a year industry in the Poconos and in 1987 accounted for one quarter of the region's tourist business. Pennsylvania native John Guresh, an employee at Big Boulder Ski Resort, is credited for bringing the ski industry to the Poconos.[36][37][38] In the winter of 1956-57 he invented a machine "resembling a lawn sprinkler atop a sled" to generate artificial snow. Joyce Gemperlein of the Philadelphia Inquirer wrote, "Until Guresh perfected snowmaking at Big Boulder, skiing in the Poconos was a relatively minor sport." Ski resorts in the region could not rely on natural snow and, according to Big Boulder manager Ken Knize, there were times when conditions were right for skiing only two weeks a year. Cal Conniff, president of the National Ski Areas Association, regarded Guresh as "one of the pioneers" of the U. S. ski industry.[36]
Notable natives and residents
MediaThe Pocono Record is the newspaper for the Poconos. Its coverage area centers on Stroudsburg and East Stroudsburg and covers parts of Monroe, Pike, Lackawanna, Wayne and Carbon counties as well as areas of western New Jersey. The Times News, of Lehighton, covers Carbon, Schuylkill, and Monroe counties, and also portions of northern Lehigh and Northampton counties. West End Happenings covers events in the West End of Monroe County. Blue Mountain Moments is a monthly publication covering the Route 903 corridor from Blakeslee to Jim Thorpe. Carbon County Map shows an illustrated map of this southern tier of the mountains. Pocono Map shows an illustrated map of the middle of mountain range of Monroe County. RadioWESS at (90.3 FM) broadcasts from the Borough of East Stroudsburg as a service of East Stroudsburg University. Students and Faculty of the University provide programing often, and the station rebroadcasts BBC world service when live DJs are not available. WSBG (93.5 FM) is a radio station broadcasting an adult contemporary format. Licensed to Stroudsburg, the station serves the Pocono area with the slogan "The Poconos' Best Variety." See also
References
External links
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