Porpita porpita

Porpita porpita
Blue Button
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa
Phylum: Cnidaria
Class: Hydrozoa
Order: Anthomedusae
Suborder: Capitata
Family: Porpitidae
Genus: Porpita
Species: P. porpita
Binomial name
Porpita porpita
(Linnaeus, 1758)[1]
Blue button at Bay of Bengal, Visakhapatnam, India
Blue button from Arabian sea,found at Uttorda Beach, Goa, India

Porpita porpita, commonly known as the blue button, is a marine organism consisting of a colony of hydroids[2] found in tropical and sub-tropical waters of the Pacific,[3] Atlantic, and Indian oceans.[4] Although it is superficially similar to a jellyfish, each apparent individual is actually a colony of hydrozoan polyps. The blue button is a Chondrophore, which is a group of cnidarians that also includes Velella and Porpema. The chondrophores are similar to the better-known siphonophores, which includes the Portuguese Man o' War.

Characteristics

The blue button lives on the surface of the sea and consists of two main parts: the float and the hydroid colony. The hard golden-brown float is round, almost flat, and about one inch wide. The hydroid colony, which can range from bright blue turquoise to yellow, resembles tentacles like those of the jellyfish.[5] Each strand has numerous branchlets, each of which ends in knobs of stinging cells called nematocysts. The blue button sting is not powerful but may cause irritation to human skin.[2]

The blue button itself is a passive drifter, and is part of the neustonic food web. It is preyed on by the sea slug Glaucus atlanticus (sea swallow or blue glaucus) and violet sea-snails of the genus Janthina.[6] It competes with other drifters for food and mainly feeds on copepods and crustacean larvae.[7] The blue button has a single mouth located beneath the float, which is used for both the intake of prey and the expulsion of wastes.

See also

References

  1. ↑ WoRMS (2011). P. Schuchert, ed. "Porpita porpita (Linnaeus, 1758)". World Hydrozoa database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  2. 1 2 "Blue Buttons in Florida."
  3. ↑ Meinkoch, Norman. "The Audubon Field Guide to North American Seashore Creatures." 1981. New York, New York.
  4. ↑ see distribution at the Encyclopedia of Life
  5. ↑ "Identification Chart for Jellies."
  6. ↑ Hayward P.J. & Ryland J.S. (1990). The Marine Fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe. Volume 2 - Molluscs to Chordates. page 681. Clarendon Press, Oxford. ISBN 0-19-857515-7
  7. ↑ Bieri, R. 1970. The food of Porpita and niche separation in three neuston coelenterates. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 17 (5): 305-307.
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