Portsea Island
 Closeup map of Portsea Island | |
  Portsea Island | |
| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Location | Solent |
| Coordinates | 50°47′33″N 1°05′31″W / 50.79243°N 1.09194°W |
| Country | |
|
England | |
| County | Hampshire |
| City | Portsmouth |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 147,088 |
Portsea Island is a small, flat and low-lying island just off the south coast of England. The island is totally within, and contains a large proportion of, the city of Portsmouth. The third largest by population of any island in the British Isles after the mainlands of Great Britain and Ireland, it has the highest population density.
To the east lies Langstone Harbour, and to the west is Portsmouth Harbour. To the south, it faces into the Spithead area of the wider Solent. A narrow channel, known as Portsbridge Creek, separates the island from the mainland.[1]
Three road bridges (the M275 motorway, the A3 and the A2030), a pedestrian and cycle bridge, and a rail bridge connect the island to the mainland, and a small road bridge joins it to Whale Island. In addition there are ferry services to Gosport (on the mainland) and the Isle of Wight. It gives its name to a relatively commercial and historic neighbourhood, adjoining the south-western "city centre", Portsea, which has had variable use in local government but has long been a parish of the island.
History
There have been two Bronze Age hoards found on the island.[2] A hoard of Roman coins has also been found.[3] In 979AD the island was raided by Danes.[4] At the time of the Domesday Book 3 manors were recorded as being on the island.[5]
For later history see History of Portsmouth
Localities
Portsea
Portsea is a parish and narrower, informal area of the city of Portsmouth, England occupying much of its south-west.
Engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel was born in Britain Street in 1806;[6] writer Charles Dickens was born nearby at Landport, in Portsea, on 7 February 1812; the professor William Garnett was born in Portsea on December 30, 1850.
The area was originally known as the "Common" and lay between the town of Portsmouth and the nearby Dockyard. The Common started to be developed at the end of the 17th century as a response to the overcrowding in the walled town of Portsmouth. This development worried the governor of the dockyard as he feared that the new buildings would provide cover for any forces attempting to attack the dockyard. In 1703, he threatened to demolish any buildings within range of the cannons mounted on the dockyard walls. However, after a petition to Queen Anne, royal consent for the development was granted in 1704. In 1792 the name of the area was changed from the Common to Portsea. By then it was home to a mixed dockside population.
William Tucker, baptised there in 1784, was convicted of shoplifting from a Portsea tailor, William Wilday, in 1798 and transported to New South Wales on the "death ship" Hillsborough which took convicts and typhus with it from Portsmouth. Tucker escaped and made it all the way back to Britain in 1803 only to be taken to Portsmouth for re-embarkation to Australia. He was later a sealer (seal hunter), established the retail trade in preserved Maori heads and settled in Otago, New Zealand where he became that country's first art dealer before falling victim to his hosts in 1817 and being eaten.[7] The novelist Sarah Doudney was born in Portsea on 15 January 1841.[8]
By the start of the 20th century Portsmouth council had started to clear much of the slum housing in Portsea. The city's first council houses were built in the district in 1911. The 1920s and 1930s saw extensive redevelopment of the area, with many of the older slums being replaced by new council houses.[9]
The area's proximity to the dockyard resulted in its taking massive bomb damage during World War II. After the war the area was redeveloped as all council housing, in a mixture of houses, maisonettes and tower blocks.
Southsea
Coordinates: 50°47′33″N 1°05′31″W / 50.79243°N 1.09194°W
Southsea occupies the southern end of Portsmouth in Portsea Island, within a mile of Portsmouth's city centre focal point, its harbour. Southsea has a thriving commercial area which includes two national department stores and many other well-known high street chains. It combines these large stores with numerous independent traders which includes charity shops, food retailers and furniture/household goods shops. From 1999, Southsea had its own separate town council, but was reintegrated back into Portsmouth City Council in 2010.
From 1885, Southsea had its own railway branch line, named the Southsea Railway. The Southsea Railway incorporated three stations at Jessie Road Bridge Halt, Albert Road Bridge Halt and a terminus station called East Southsea at Granada Road. The railway line ran south off a branch line from Platform 3 at Fratton Station. The Southsea Railway was closed in 1914 due to economic competition from trams. Railway track and stations were subsequently removed and replaced with roads and housing. On a modern map of Portsmouth, the route of the Southsea Railway can still clearly be seen from the arrangement of the newer housing and roads which replaced it.
Fratton
Fratton is a residential and formerly industrial area of Portsmouth. It consists of mostly Victorian terraced houses, and is typical of the residential areas in the city. In the past it housed a huge railway depot, but this has mostly been dismantled, making way for a shopping complex and the redevelopment of Portsmouth F.C.'s stadium, Fratton Park.
There is also a modest shopping centre on Fratton Road, The Bridge Centre, which is dominated by a large Asda supermarket, and in atmosphere reflects the working class naval and industrial heritage of the neighbourhood, with localised rather than centralised low-budget shops and cafés. Its railway station is one of four serving the island.
Anchorage Park
A modern development adjoined by one of the island's largest green buffers consisting allotments, the sports fields of a Portsmouth Academy and Great Salterns Golf Course, Anchorage Park occupies a north-eastern portion of the island. Anchorage Park was formerly the location of Portsmouth Airport, which closed in 1973.
Baffins
Adjoining the eastern green buffer, this extends into the heart of the Baffins neighbourhood which has a large pond and the grounds of Portsmouth College.
Buckland
Buckland is a central neighbourhood at the heart of the island, directly south of North End and north-east of Landport.
Eastney
Fronting the beach along the southern shore is the promenade road of Eastney, which includes is punctuated by three forts, small Eastney Fort West (dismantled), Eastney Fort East and large Fort Cumberland, which occupies a modest peninsula. Eastney is the most south-eastern area of Portsea island and forms part of the entrance into Langstone Harbour. Eastney offers a marina and also a foot-passenger ferry service across Langstone Harbour to neighbouring Hayling Island.
Landport
Residential parts of Landport are separated from its trade and distribution premises alongside its Albert Johnson Quay by the M275/A3 where the roads change designation. In the westernmost street of this residential side is a large old listed horse trough and row of listed four homes, the Charles Dickens Birthplace Museum in his birthplace home, and Mile End Chapel (a studio).
Kingston
This small central, typical, terraced district of the city has a few high rise developments and is entirely residential.
Old Portsmouth
Old Portsmouth lies on the south west corner of Portsea Island and forms the eastern side of the narrow entrance to Portsmouth Harbour at the ports mouth. Old Portsmouth contains most of the traditional High Street and heritage of the original old town of Portsmouth, including Portsmouth Point (also known as 'Spice Island') and the Camber Dock.
North End
North End is a residential area to the centre-north of the island.
Hilsea
Hilsea is the north-western district of the city with a mixture of residential and industrial/retail/distribution areas. It is home to one of Portsmouth's main sports and leisure facilities, the Mountbatten Centre and Trafalgar School. Among its small green buffers to the north and west is Portsmouth rugby football club.
Stamshaw
This residential area of terraced streets includes Alexandra Park, with the Mountbatten Sports Centre, and Portsmouth Ferry Terminal. To the north lie Tipner and Hilsea, and to the south are Kingston, Buckland and Commercial Road, the main retail area of the city. Stamshaw is bounded to its west by the M275 motorway and Whale Island, and to the east is North End. The main thoroughfares of Stamshaw, Twyford Avenue and Stamshaw Road, are two axes of a one-way traffic system.
An eponymous infant and junior school serve it. Its park adjoining the feeder road terminating at the city centre (with motorway status) has large fields and an adventure playground.
Tipner
This small north-west corner has the public parkland point, Tipner Point and is a mixture of road use, retail/distribution and residential, however falls mostly the first categories.
Milton
Milton is a primarily residential area of the city of Portsmouth with two large public parks, namely Milton Park and Bransbury Park. The area is located on the south eastern side of Portsea Island and is bordered on the east by Langstone Harbour. Eastney lies to the south, Southsea to the south west, Baffins to the north and Fratton to the west. Milton was originally a small village on Portsea Island, surrounded by farmland until it was swallowed up by city expansion in the early years of the 20th century. Portsmouth Football Club's Fratton Park stadium, despite its name, is actually situated in the Milton Ward area of Portsmouth, south of the city's railway line, the boundary of the neighbouring Fratton Ward area.
Copnor
Copnor is an area located on the eastern side of Portsea Island. As Copenore, it was one of the three villages listed as being on Portsea Island in the Domesday book.
In the late 19th, early 20th century the rapid expansion of Portsmouth saw the original village engulfed. The west of the district is now a predominantly residential area of 1930s housing. The east of the district is an industrial and commercial area.
It was originally intended to have a railway station; the intermediate station between Havant and Portsmouth Town stations when the line opened. However, this never materialised, in spite of the large gap between stations, and the existence of a signalled level crossing for many years, now a bridge. A road, "Station Road" was laid out, and still exists, however construction on the station never began.
References
- ↑ Villars, Paul (1887). England, Scotland, & Ireland, a picturesque survey of the United Kingdom and its institutions. Routledge. p. 242.
- ↑ Rudkin, David J (1980). Early Man in Portsmouth and South-East Hampshire. Portsmouth City Council. p. 14. ISBN 9780901559401.
- ↑ Gates, William G (1987). Peak, Nigel, ed. The Portsmouth that has Passed: With a Glimpse of Gosport. Milestone Publications. p. 10. ISBN 1-85265-111-3.
- ↑ Osborne, Mike (2011). Defending Hampshire The Military Landscape from Prehistory to the Present. The History Press. p. 26. ISBN 9780752459868.
- ↑ Quail, Sarah (1994). The Origins of Portsmouth and the First Charter. City of Portsmouth. p. 2. ISBN 9780901559920.
- ↑ Brindle, Steven (2005). Brunel: The Man Who Built the World. Weidenfield & Nicholson. p. 28. ISBN 0-297-84408-3.
- ↑ Peter Entwisle, Taka: a Vignette Life of William Tucker 1784-1817, Dunedin, NZ: Port Daniel Press, 2005.
- ↑ Doudney's ODNB entry: Retrieved 7 December 2011. Subscription required.
- ↑