Princess Royal Fortress

View from fortress to King George Sound and Atatürk entrance
Light Horse memorial building
Naval gun on display at the fortress
National Anzac Centre 2015

Princess Royal Fortress also known as Albany Forts[1] was a fortress on the northern shore of Atatürk entrance on Princess Royal Harbour on Mount Adelaide overlooking King George Sound in Albany, Western Australia. It now operates as a museum.

The fortress is named after Princess Royal Harbour, which in turn was named by George Vancouver in 1791[2] after Princess Charlotte Augusta Matilda. The site occupies an area of approximately 11 acres (4 ha).[3]

During the 19th century the loss of the port was deemed a potential threat to the state and the nation.[2] The fortress was built from funds contributed by all states and guns provided by the Imperial British Government. The fortress was the first federal defence project in Australia, without the country yet having a federal government,[4] and opened in 1893.[5] Two gun batteries were dug into the hillside of Mount Adelaide: Fort Princess Royal with two Mark IV 6-inch BL guns[6] and Fort Plantagenant with one six inch gun.

In 1897 a fire, caused by an incendiary, destroyed the canteen, mess-room and library. The buildings were all weatherboard, with matchwood lining and galvanised metal roofs.[7]

The fortress was staffed by eight officers and five men of the South Australian Permanent Artillery in 1902.[8]

A fire broke out in buildings at the western end of the forts in 1907. The quartermaster sergeant's office, the armament room and the stationary locker were burned to the ground.[9]

In 1909 the Mk VI gun at the Plantagenet battery developed a fault in the barrel, the gun was scrapped and Fort Plantagenet was abandoned. The remaining guns were replaced with emplaced Mk VII guns in 1945, and the old guns were scrapped.[6] From 1893 to 1956 the guns never fired a shot in anger. In 1956, with the advent of the missile era, all coastal defenses were made redundant and closed, including Princess Royal. Many of the military installations were demolished or dismantled. The buildings were alternatively used as school rooms, migrant hostels and then holiday camps,[2] by the 1970s the site was abandoned and succumbed to vandalism.[3]

The fortress was extensively restored commencing in 1987[3] and continued throughout the rest of the 1980s.[6]

Eventually the site became a museum; within the fortress grounds are restored military equipment including shore batteries, armories, barracks, the 10th Light Horse display, trails and a collection of naval guns and torpedoes. Monuments such as the South East Asia Memorial, United States Submariners Memorial and Merchant Navy Memorial are also found on the site. The fortress is visited by over 25,000 tourists annually.[10] Two guns remain in their original positions along with an underground magazine, ruins, several transported buildings, some substantially reconstructed buildings and a parade ground. The Military Institute, Guard House, Barracks and Repository Store are situated around the parade ground, whereas the location of the other buildings depends more on the site topography.[11]

The entire site underwent a major upgrade in preparation for the Anzac centenary commemorations in 2015.[1] The National ANZAC Centre was opened at the site on 1 November 2014 by the Prime Minister of Australia, Tony Abbott and the Prime Minister of New Zealand, John Key. The date marked the centenary of the first Australian and New Zealand convoy’s departure for war from Albany.[12]

The National Anzac Centre was named the state's best Heritage Tourism Project at the Western Australian Heritage Awards in 2015. The centre received over 45,000 visitors during its first six months of operation.[13]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Albany Forts (Princess Royal Fortress)". Government of Western Australia. 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 "Princess Royal Fortress". Albany Region. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 "Princess Royal Fortress, Forts Road (off Marine Drive), Mt Adelaide". Albany Gateway. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  4. ↑ "Princess Royal Fortress - Albany - WA". Parable Productions. 8 November 2010. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  5. ↑ "Princess Royal Fortress". Rainbow Coast. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 Peter Dunn (2004). "Princess Royal Fortress, Albany, WA during WWII". Australians at war. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  7. ↑ "Fire at the Albany Forts". Western Mail (Perth, Western Australia: National Library of Australia). 5 March 1897. p. 8. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  8. ↑ "The Albany Forts". The Advertiser (Adelaide, South Australia: National Library of Australia). 14 November 1902. p. 4. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  9. ↑ "Fire at Albany Forts". Kalgoorlie Western Argus (Kalgoorlie, Western Australia: National Library of Australia). 1 January 1907. p. 34. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  10. ↑ "Things to See and Do". City of Albany. 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  11. ↑ "Albany Forts". InHerit. Heritage Council of Western Australia. 8 February 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  12. ↑ "The National ANZAC Centre". National ANZAC Centre. 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
  13. ↑ "Albany National Anzac Centre, Princess Royal Fortress win WA Heritage Awards". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 21 April 2015. Retrieved 22 August 2015.

Coordinates: 35°01′50.6″S 117°54′40.5″E / 35.030722°S 117.911250°E / -35.030722; 117.911250

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