Pritchardia remota

Pritchardia remota
Conservation status
Endangered  (IUCN 2.3)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
(unranked):	Commelinids
Order:	Arecales
Family:	Arecaceae
Subfamily:	Coryphoideae
Tribe:	Corypheae
Subtribe:	Livistoninae
Genus:	Pritchardia
Species:	P. remota
Binomial name
Pritchardia remota Becc.

Pritchardia remota, the Nihoa pritchardia,^[1] Nihoa fan palm, or Louʻlu, is a species of palm endemic on the island of Nihoa, Hawaiʻi, and later transplanted to the island of Laysan. It is a smaller tree than most other species of Pritchardia, typically reaching only 4–5 metres (13–16 ft) tall and with a trunk diameter of 15 centimetres (5.9 in). It is the only type of tree on the island and used to be abundant. In 1885 a wildfire ravaged the island, destroying most of the palms. Only about 700 of these trees remain, making the species endangered but numbers are slowly increasing. The palm is being cultivated in botanical gardens.^[2]

Though it is impossible to mistake P. remota for any other species in its natural habitat, it can be told apart from other Pritchardia species by its wavy leaves, its short and hairless inflorescences, and its tiny, spherical fruits.^[2]

A similar undescribed species existed on Laysan, but was made extinct after Laysan was mined for guano.

Habitat

A 1996 survey found a total of four plant populations of 680 palms on the island.^[3] Groves of P. remota palms grow in coastal mesic valley depressions in two valleys on Nihoa:^[4] The largest population grows in the West Palm Valley, while the three smaller populations are found in the East Palm Valley.^[3] Up to 50% of the pollen found in soil cores taken from lowland sites in the Main Islands comes from Pritchardia palms similar to this species. This is because these palms were once abundant there until around the year 1000, when the human population grew dramatically. The trees were cleared for agriculture and used for timber and firewood.^[5]

Ancient Nihoans probably used the trees expansively as well , and this could have caused their water supply to be contaminated with guano. This, in conjunction with several drought years due to El Niño, could have caused the residents of Nihoa to give up and return to the Main Islands, which indeed happened before Nihoa was discovered by the Europeans in the 18th century.^[6] The species' longevity is also threatened by flash floods which have been noted to occur in the lower part of Nihoa's East Palm Valley, one habitat of the palm.^[2]

P. remota provides a nesting place for red-footed boobies and a perching spot for brown noddies.^[2]

References

1. "Pritchardia remota". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
2. Bruegmann, pp. 3
3. Evenhuis & Eldredge 2004, pp. 62-63
4. Evenhuis & Eldredge 2004, pp. 18-19
5. Rauzon, pp. 18
6. Rauzon, pp. 19

Bibliography

• United States Fish and Wildlife Service (March 1998). "Final Recovery Plan for Three Plant Species on Nihoa Island" (PDF). Final. United States Fish and Wildlife Service: 10547–10550. Retrieved 2013-02-16.
• Evenhuis, Neal L. (ed.); Eldredge, Lucius G. (ed.) (2004). Natural History of Nihoa and Necker Islands. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Cultural and Environmental Studies; No. 1. Honolulu, Hawaii: Bishop Museum Press. ISBN 1-58178-029-X. OCLC 231994590. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)
• Gemmill, C. 1998. Pritchardia remota. 2011 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 9 July 2011.
• Gray, Mike (2008). "Pritchardia remota". Palms. Palm and Cycad Society of Australia. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
• Hawaii Biological Survey (2006). "Pritchardia remota". Good Guys and Bad Guys. Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
• Rauzon, Mark (2001). Isles of Refuge: Wildlife and History of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. University of Hawaii Press. Honolulu, Hawaii: Bishop Museum Press. ISBN 0-8248-2330-3.