Privatus

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See also: Ius privatum

In Roman law, the Latin adjective privatus makes a legal distinction between that which is "private" and that which is publicus, "public" in the sense of pertaining to the Roman people (populus Romanus).

Used as a substantive, the term privatus refers to a citizen who is not a public official or a member of the military.[1] Increasingly throughout the Middle and Late Republic, the privatus was nevertheless sometimes granted imperium during a crisis; the definition of crisis was elastic, and the amassing of power by unelected individuals (privati) contributed to the breakdown of the checks and balances of the republican system.[2]

Legal terms

Iudex privatus

The iudex privatus was a sole arbitrator or lay judge who conducted a civil case to which the parties had consented and who usually nominated him. In the event that the parties could not agree on a judge, he was chosen from an official list of potential judges drawn up by the praetor. He was also called a iudex unus.[7]

References

  1. Adolf Berger, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law (American Philolgical Association, 1953), p. 651.
  2. T. Corey Brennan, The Praetorship in the Roman Republic (Oxford University Press, 2000), pp. 154 online, 610, et passim.
  3. Berg, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law, p. 670.
  4. Berg, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law, p. 347.
  5. Berg, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law, p. 517.
  6. Berg, Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law, p. 381.
  7. George Mousourakis, The Historical and Institutional Context of Roman Law (Ashgate, 2003), p. 128 online.
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