Psiax
| Psiax (formerly the Menon Painter) | |
|---|---|
|
Dionysos holding out a kantharos, black-figured plate by Psiax, ca. 520-500 BC, British Museum (B 589). | |
| Born |
Psiax Before 525 BC Attica |
| Died | About 505 BC |
| Nationality | Athenian |
| Known for | Vase painting |
| Movement | Black-figure and Red-figure styles |
Psiax was an Attic vase painter of the transitional period between the black-figure and red-figure styles. His works date to circa 525 to 505 BC and comprise about 60 surviving vases, two of which bear his signature. Initially he was allocated the name Menon Painter by John Beazley. Only later was it realised that the artist was identical with the painters signing as Psiax.
Psiax collaborated with the potters Hilinos, Menon, Andokides and Nikosthenes. While he started as a painter in the black-figure technique, he played a major role in the early development of red-figure, which was invented in the workshop of Andokides. The black-figure Antimenes Painter, working for the same workshop, was stylistically close to Psiax; Beazley described the two as brothers. Perhaps unsurprisingly, considering his chronological position, Psiax was a master of bilingual vase painting. Formerly called the Menon Painter, after the potter’s signature on a red-figure amphora (Philadelphia, U. PA, Mus., 5349), he signed two red-figure alabastra as painter, both of which bear the signature of the potter Hilinos [Karlsruhe, Bad. Landesmus., 242 (B 120) and Odessa, A. Mus.]. Psiax also knew white-ground pottery techniques, as well as coral red pottery techniques.[1]
His signature is only known from two red-figure alabastra at Karlsruhe and Odessa, both also signed by the potter Hilinos. Three of the vases by him are signed by the potter Andokides. The fact that he painted kyathoi and used the Six technique indicates that he also collaborated with Nikosthenes. In his early phase, Epiktetos imitated Psiax. The Pioneers Euphornios and Phintias were taught by Psiax.
Psiax mostly painted smaller vessels, appropriate to his fine painting style. Nevertheless, larger vases by him are also known, such as amphorae, hydriai and chalice kraters. On those, too, his figures are not so much powerful and lively but rather dignified and restrained. Although he experimented with the possibilities offered by the new technique (perspective), he concentrated more on the fine detail and decorative effect typical of Late Archaic art. He did not limit his activity to black-figure or red-figure but also experimented with black figures on white or coral-red ground and with the Six Technique.
His choice of subjects is conventional; arguably with a preference for scenes with horses and archers.
Works (selection)
- Brescia, Museo
- black-figure belly amphora
- Karlsruhe, Badisches Landesmuseum
- B 120 red-figure alabastron (signed; potter: Hilinos)
- 1980.10-29.1 (formerly Castle Ashby) black-figure neck amphora (potter: Andokides)
- 11008 (L 63) bilingual belly amphora (potter: Andokides)
- 86.AE.278 red-figure cup
- 90.AE.122 black-figure mastos
- 63.11.6 red-figure belly amphora with black-figure lip
- Odessa, Archaeological Museum
- 266602 red-figure alabastron (signed; potter: Hilinos)
- Philadelphia, University Museum
- 5349 red-figure belly amphora (potter: Menon)
Bibliography
- John Beazley: Attic Black-figure Vase-painters. Oxford 1956, p. 292-295. 692.
- John Beazley: Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters, 2nd. ed. Oxford 1963, p. 6-9.
- John Beazley: Paralipomena. Additions to Attic black-figure vase-painters and to Attic red-figure vase-painters, Oxford 1971, p.
- S. Patitucci Uggeri: Kylix di Psiax in una collezione ticinese, in: Numismatica e antichità classiche. Quaderni ticinesi 1, 1972, p. 33-60.
- Beth Cohen: Attic Bilingual Vases and their Painters, New York 1978, p. 194-239. 276-287.
- Joan R. Mertens: Some new vases by Psiax, in: Antike Kunst 22, 1979, p. 22-37.
- B. Jeske, C. Stein: Eine frührotfigurige Hydria des Psiax, in: Hefte des Archäologischen Seminars der Universität Bern 8, 1982, p. 5-20.
- S. Bonomi: Un nuovo frammento a figure nere di Psiax del Museo di Adria, in: Kotinos. Festschrift für Erika Simon, Mainz 1992, p. 162-164.
- P. Pelletier-Hornby: Deux aspects de Psiax dans la Collection Dutuit du Petit Palais (Musée des beaux-arts de la ville de Paris), in: Revue du Louvre 50, 2000, No. 4, p. 27-37.
- Beth Cohen: Psiax, in: Künstlerlexikon der Antike, Vol. 2, 2004, p. 325-326.
References
- ↑ The Getty Museum - Biography of Psiax A vase-painter working in Athens in the late 500s B.C., Psiax is known from his signature on several surviving vases. A versatile painter, Psiax worked in every pottery technique in use at that time: black-figure, red-figure, white-ground, coral red, and Six's technique. He decorated the complete range of Greek vase shapes, both large and small, favoring Dionysiac scenes and the myths of Herakles. Most importantly, Psiax was an innovator. Two of his vases were signed by the potter Andokides, showing that Psiax worked in the shop where the red-figure technique was probably invented. He is also the first vase-painter interested in showing the human body in complex poses, a trait subsequently developed by the so-called Pioneers, at least one of whom, Euphronios, appears to have been Psiax's pupil.
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