9K111 Fagot

9K111 Fagot
Polish anti-armor team with the 9K111 Fagot.
Type	Anti-tank weapon
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1970–present
Used by	See Users
Wars	2008 South Ossetia war,^[1] War in Donbass, Syrian civil war, Iraq War (2014–present)
Production history
Designer	Tula Machinery Design Bureau (Tula KBP)
Designed	1962
Produced	1970
Variants	See Models
Specifications
Weight	12.5 kg (28 lb)
Length	1,100 mm (3 ft 7 in)
Diameter	120 mm (4.7 in)

Action	400 mm versus RHA or 200 mm towards armour inclined at 60°
Rate of fire	3 rds / min
Muzzle velocity	80 m/s (180 mph; 290 km/h) at launch 186 m/s (420 mph; 670 km/h) in flight speed
Effective firing range	70–2,500 m (230–8,200 ft)
Warhead	High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) warhead
Warhead weight	1.7 kg High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT)

Guidance system	SACLOS

The 9K111 Fagot (Russian: Фагот; "bassoon") is a second-generation tube-launched SACLOS wire-guided anti-tank missile system of the Soviet Union for use from ground or vehicle mounts. The 9K111 Fagot missile system was developed by the Tula KBP Design Bureau for Instrument Building. "9M111" is the GRAU designation of the missile. Its NATO reporting name is AT-4 Spigot.

Development

The 9K111 Fagot was developed by the Tula Machinery Design Bureau (Tula KBP). Development began in 1962 with the aim of producing the next generation of SACLOS ATGMs for use in both the man portable role and the tank destroyer role. The 9K111 Fagot was developed alongside the 9M113 Konkurs; both missiles use similar technology – only differing in size – and can use the same launchers.

The missile entered service in 1970.

History

The anti-tank platoon of a Soviet BTR equipped motor rifle battalion had two (sometimes three)^[2] ATGM squads, each with two 9K111 Fagot teams. The team consisted of three men – the gunner carries the 9P135 launcher and tripod as a back pack – the other two men each carry two launch tubes. The men also carry assault rifles, but do not carry an RPG – because, unlike the earlier missiles, there is only a small deadzone within which the missile cannot engage the target. Besides the four missiles carried by each team, each squad would normally have an extra eight missiles carried in their transport, usually a BTR. It can also be deployed from the BMP-1P, BMD-1P, BTR-D and UAZ-469.

North Korea was said to have acquired a number of the systems during the late 1980s till 2000s from the USSR. These were subsequently reverse-engineered under the designation Bulsae-2.^[3] A further upgrade called the Bulsae-3 was introduced in 2016 that replaced the wire-guidance with laser guidance, which gives greater range while being less susceptible to jamming like wireless radio-guidance and enables the designator to be separate from the launcher.^[4]^[5]

Description

9K113 Konkurs missile system (launcher and missile) and a 9M111M Faktoriya missile in launch tube (standing)

The missile is stored and carried in a container/launch tube. It is fired from a 9P135 launcher post – a simple tripod. A 9S451 guidance box is fitted to the tripod – with the missile sitting just above. The 9Sh119 sight is fitted to the left side (from the gunner's POV). The complete launcher system weighs 22.5 kg (50 lb). The gunner lays prone while firing. The system can engage moving targets, provided that they are travelling at less than 60 km/h (37 mph). The launcher post can traverse through 360 degrees horizontally, and +/− 20 degrees in elevation. The sight has a magnification of 10x and a 5 degree field of view. Up to three missiles a minute can be fired from a launcher post.

The system uses a gas generator to push the missile out of the launch tube – the gas exits from the rear of the launch tube in a manner similar to a recoilless rifle. The missile leaves the launch tube at 80 m/s (180 mph; 290 km/h). It is quickly accelerated to 186 m/s (420 mph; 670 km/h) by its solid fuel motor. This initial high speed reduces the missile's deadzone, since it can be launched directly at the target, rather than in an upward arc.

The launcher tracks the position of an incandescent infrared bulb on the back of the missile relative to the target – and transmits appropriate commands to the missile via a thin wire that trails behind the missile. The SACLOS guidance system has many benefits over MCLOS, with the accuracy of the system stated as 90% in some sources, though its performance is probably comparable to the TOW or the later SACLOS versions of the 9K11 Malyutka.

Models

Slovenian army soldiers launching a Fagot

Missile

9M111 Fagot (NATO: AT-4 Spigot and AT-4A Spigot A) Entered service in 1970. Maximum range 2,000 m (6,600 ft; 1.2 mi), minimum 70 m (230 ft). Warhead 400 mm versus RHA or 200 mm towards armour inclined at 60°^[6]
9M111-2 Fagot (NATO: AT-4B Spigot B) Slightly improved version.
9M111M Faktoriya (Trading post) or Fagot-M (NATO: AT-4C Spigot C) Improved motor, longer guidance wire. Maximum range 2,500 m (8,200 ft; 1.6 mi), mimimum 75 m (246 ft). Improved single HEAT warhead; penetration 400 mm versus RHA or 230 mm towards armour inclined at 60°^[6]^[7]^[8] (some publications claimed 9M111M to have tandem HEAT warhead).

Launcher

9P135 22.5 kg (50 lb). Can only fire the 9M111 Fagot series.
9P135M Can fire the 9M111 Fagot (NATO: AT-4 Spigot) series as well as the 9M113 Konkurs (NATO: AT-5 Spandrel) series missiles.
9P135M1 Updated version of the 9P135.
9P135M2 Updated version of the 9P135.
9P135M3 Deployed in the early 1990s. Adds 13 kg (29 lb) TPVP thermal imaging night sight – range 2,500 m (8,200 ft; 1.6 mi) at night.
9S451M2 A launcher with a night sight featuring an anti-dazzle system has been developed.

Operators

Map with 9K111 operators in blue and former operators in red

Current operators

Afghanistan – 100
Algeria – 2040 delivered between 1995-1996 For BMP-2 IFV.^[9]
Angola – 100
Armenia^[10]
Azerbaijan
Bosnia and Herzegovina – 52
Belarus – 500
Bulgaria – 222
Croatia – 119
Cuba – 100
Czech Republic – 50
Ethiopia – 50
Finland – Several hundred 9P135M-1 launchers (withdrawn from service) and AT-4B as well as AT-5A missiles, known as PstOhj 82 and PstOhj 82M respectively.
Georgia^[11]
Greece – 262 (acquired from former East German stocks)
Hamas ^[12]
Hungary – 50
Islamic State of Iraq and Levant – Unknown number captured
India – 100
Iran
Iraq – used by Iraqi Kurdistan this era
Kazakhstan
Kuwait – 100
Libya – 100
Moldova – used on BMP-1
Mozambique – 10
North Korea – Unknown, reversed engineered under designation of Bulsae-2
Poland – 100
Romania – acquired in the 1980s
Russia – 1,000
Serbia – 250
Slovakia – 50
Template:Free Syrian Army – 50-100
Syria – 100
Ukraine – 800
Yemen – 100
Vietnam

Former operators

Czechoslovakia – all transferred to both successors after Dissolution of Czechoslovakia.
East Germany – Passed on to Germany after the German Reunification.
Germany – all retired soon after German Reunification.
Slovenia – replaced by Spike missile.
Soviet Union – passed to successor states.

References

Hull, A.W., Markov, D.R., Zaloga, S.J. (1999). Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices 1945 to Present. Darlington Productions. ISBN 1-892848-01-5.

↑ http://www.utro.ru/articles/2008/08/20/761041.shtml
↑ Owen, Garry. "MRB Anti-Tank Platoon (APC)". Red Guards Index. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
↑ https://fas.org/nuke/guide/dprk/nkor.pdf
↑ North Korea has upgraded old anti-tank missile with laser guided system called Bulsae-3 - Armyrecognition.com, 4 March 2016
↑ North Korea Says Its New Missile Can Turn Tanks Into "Boiled Pumpkins" - Popularmechanics.com, 29 February 2016
1 2 Maksim Sayenko. "Bronya »krylyatoy pyekhoty«" (Armour of "Winged infantry"). Tekhnika i Vooruzhenie no.02/2007, p. 39 (Russian)
↑ ПТРК 9К111 «ФАГОТ» (Russian)
↑ ПТУРС «9М111М». Техническое описание и инструкция по эксплуатации. (9M111M military manual). Soviet Ministry of Defence. Moscow 1983 (Russian)
↑ http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php
↑ Old missiles not so old after all – Russia Today, October 12, 2011. Archived June 6, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
↑ "Armament of the Georgian Army". Georgian Army. Retrieved 2007-06-25.
↑ Jeffrey Lewis. "Oryx Blog on DPRK Arms Exports". Retrieved 2014-12-29.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 9K111 Fagot.

FAS
in Russian

NATO designation for Russian and former Soviet Union missiles

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