Psychobiotic

Psychobiotics defined by Dinan et al.[1] as those living organisms that on sufficient ingestion produces a health benefit in those patients with psychiatric, or neurological, illnesses.[2][3][4][5][6][7] Research to understand the mechanisms of psychobiotics on the gut–brain axis and enteric nervous system is currently under way.

Preliminary evidence suggests modulation of neuroimmunologic, neuroinflammatory, and neurohormonal pathways. Other possible mechanisms identified include modulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, the vagus nerve, microglia, myelination, and prefrontal cortex gene expression.[8]

Additionally, research has correlated the oral microbiome to cognitive function.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Dinan TG, Stanton C, Cryan JF (2013). "Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic.". Biol Psychiatry 74 (10): 720–6. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.001. PMID 23759244.
  2. ↑ Zhou L, Foster JA (2015). "Psychobiotics and the gut-brain axis: in the pursuit of happiness.". Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 11: 715–23. doi:10.2147/NDT.S61997. PMC 4370913. PMID 25834446.
  3. ↑ Gnanavel S (2015). "Psychobiotics: the latest psychotropics.". Indian J Psychol Med 37 (1): 110. doi:10.4103/0253-7176.150862. PMC 4341301. PMID 25722529.
  4. ↑ Evrensel A, Ceylan ME (2015). "The Gut-Brain Axis: The Missing Link in Depression.". Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci 13 (3): 239–244. doi:10.9758/cpn.2015.13.3.239. PMC 4662178. PMID 26598580.
  5. ↑ Kelly JR, Kennedy PJ, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Clarke G, Hyland NP (2015). "Breaking down the barriers: the gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and stress-related psychiatric disorders.". Front Cell Neurosci 9: 392. doi:10.3389/fncel.2015.00392. PMC 4604320. PMID 26528128.
  6. ↑ Smythies LE, Smythies JR (2014). "Microbiota, the immune system, black moods and the brain-melancholia updated.". Front Hum Neurosci 8: 720. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00720. PMC 4163975. PMID 25309394.
  7. ↑ Selhub EM, Logan AC, Bested AC (2014). "Fermented foods, microbiota, and mental health: ancient practice meets nutritional psychiatry.". J Physiol Anthropol 33: 2. doi:10.1186/1880-6805-33-2. PMC 3904694. PMID 24422720.
  8. ↑ Hoban AE, Stilling RM, Ryan FJ, Shanahan F, Dinan TG, Claesson MJ; et al. (2016). "Regulation of prefrontal cortex myelination by the microbiota.". Transl Psychiatry 6: e774. doi:10.1038/tp.2016.42. PMID 27045844.
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