Psychrobacter

Psychrobacter
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Pseudomonadales
Family:	Moraxellaceae
Genus:	Psychrobacter Juni and Heym 1986[1]
Type species
Psychrobacter immobilis[1]
Species
Psychrobacter adeliensis Psychrobacter aestuarii Psychrobacter alimentarius Psychrobacter aquaticus Psychrobacter aquimaris Psychrobacter arcticus Psychrobacter arenosus Psychrobacter celer Psychrobacter cibarius Psychrobacter ciconiae Psychrobacter cryohalolentis Psychrobacter faecalis Psychrobacter fozii Psychrobacter frigidicola Psychrobacter fulvigenes Psychrobacter glacincola Psychrobacter immobilis Psychrobacter jeotgali Psychrobacter luti Psychrobacter lutiphocae Psychrobacter marincola Psychrobacter maritimus Psychrobacter namhaensis Psychrobacter nivimaris Psychrobacter oceani Psychrobacter okhotskensis Psychrobacter pacificensis Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus Psychrobacter piscatorii Psychrobacter proteolyticus Psychrobacter pulmonis Psychrobacter salsus Psychrobacter sanguinis Psychrobacter submarinus Psychrobacter urativorans Psychrobacter vallis

Psychrobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, osmotolerant, oxidase-positive, psychrophilic or psychrotolerant, aerobic bacteria which belong to the family of Moraxellaceae and the class of Gammaproteobacteria.^[1][2][3][4] The shape is typically cocci or coccobacilli.^[5] Some of those bacteria were isolated from humans and can cause humans infections like endocarditis and peritonitis.^[6][7] This genus of bacteria is capable to grow at temperatures between −10 °C and 42 °C.^[8] Rudi Rossau found through DNA-rRNA hybridization analysis, that Psychrobacter belongs to the family of Moraxellaceae.^[9] The first species (Psychrobacter immobilis) was described by Ellioz Juni and Gloria A. Heym.^[10] Psychrobacter occur in wide range of moist, cold saline habitats.^[8][11] But they also occur in warm and slightly saline habitats.^[4][12]

Further reading

• Kim, S. J.; Shin, S. C.; Hong, S. G.; Lee, Y. M.; Choi, I. -G.; Park, H. (2012). "Genome Sequence of a Novel Member of the Genus Psychrobacter Isolated from Antarctic Soil". Journal of Bacteriology 194 (9): 2403. doi:10.1128/JB.00234-12. PMC 3347060. PMID 22493207.
• Azevedo, J. S. N.; Correia, A. N.; Henriques, I. (2013). "Molecular analysis of the diversity of genusPsychrobacterpresent within a temperate estuary". FEMS Microbiology Ecology 84 (3): 451–460. doi:10.1111/1574-6941.12075. PMID 23330979.
• Koki Horikoshi, Garabed Antranikian, Alan T. Bull, Frank T. Robb, Karl O. Stetter (2011). Extremophiles Handbook Vol. 1. Springer. ISBN 4431538976.
• George Garrity, Don J. Brenner, Noel R. Krieg, James R. Staley (2005-06-16). Bergey's Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology: Volume 2: The Proteobacteria, Part B: The Gammaproteobacteria (2 ed.). Springer. ISBN 0387241442.
• Isao Yumoto (2013-08-13). Cold-Adapted Microorganisms. Caister Academic Press. ISBN 1908230266.

References

1. bacterio.net
2. Maruyama, A.; Honda, D.; Yamamoto, H.; Kitamura, K.; Higashihara, T. (2000). "Phylogenetic analysis of psychrophilic bacteria isolated from the Japan Trench, including a description of the deep-sea species Psychrobacter pacificensis sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50 (2): 835–46. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-2-835. PMID 10758895.
3. Bozal, N. (2003). "Characterization of several Psychrobacter strains isolated from Antarctic environments and description of Psychrobacter luti sp. nov. And Psychrobacter fozii sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53 (4): 1093–1100. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02457-0. PMID 12892132.
4. Bowman, J. P. (2006). "The Genus Psychrobacter". The Prokaryotes. pp. 920–930. doi:10.1007/0-387-30746-X_35. ISBN 978-0-387-25496-8.
5. Psychrobacter immobilis isolated from foods: characteristics and identification Vet. Med. - Czech, 46, 2001 (4):95-100
6. Elmer W. Koneman (11 January 2005). Koneman's Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology (6 ed.). Lippencott Williams & Wil. ISBN 0781730147.
7. ATCC
8. Kim, S. J.; Shin, S. C.; Hong, S. G.; Lee, Y. M.; Choi, I. -G.; Park, H. (2012). "Genome Sequence of a Novel Member of the Genus Psychrobacter Isolated from Antarctic Soil". Journal of Bacteriology 194 (9): 2403. doi:10.1128/JB.00234-12. PMC 3347060. PMID 22493207.
9. Romanenko, L. A. (2002). "Psychrobacter submarinus sp. nov. And Psychrobacter marincola sp. nov., psychrophilic halophiles from marine environments". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 52 (4): 1291–1297. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02087-0. PMID 12148642.
10. Juni, E.; Heym, G. A. (1986). "Psychrobacter immobilis gen. nov., sp. nov.: Genospecies Composed of Gram-Negative, Aerobic, Oxidase-Positive Coccobacilli". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 36 (3): 388. doi:10.1099/00207713-36-3-388.
11. Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt (2006-09-28). The Prokaryotes: Proteobacteria: Gamma Subclass: A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria Vol. 6 (3 ed.). Springer. ISBN 038725496X.
12. Koki Horikoshi, Garabed Antranikian, Alan T. Bull, Frank T. Robb, Karl O. Stetter (2011). Extremophiles Handbook Vol. 1. Springer. ISBN 4431538976.

External identifiers for Psychrobacter
Encyclopedia of Life	97492