Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park

Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park
IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape)

thatched structure with carvings at sea shore

Reconstructed Hale o Keawe
Map showing the location of Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park
Location Hawaii County, Hawaii, USA
Nearest city Holualoa, Hawaiʻi
Coordinates 19°25′19″N 155°54′37″W / 19.42194°N 155.91028°W / 19.42194; -155.91028Coordinates: 19°25′19″N 155°54′37″W / 19.42194°N 155.91028°W / 19.42194; -155.91028
Area 420 acres (1.7 km2)
Established July 26, 1955
Visitors 442,353 (in 2012)[1]
Governing body National Park Service
http://www.nps.gov/puho/
The entrance to the park

Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located on the west coast of the island of Hawaiʻi in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi. The historical park preserves the site where, up until the early 19th century, Hawaiians who broke a kapu (one of the ancient laws) could avoid certain death by fleeing to this place of refuge or puʻuhonua. The offender would be absolved by a priest and freed to leave. Defeated warriors and non-combatants could also find refuge here during times of battle. The grounds just outside the Great Wall that encloses the puʻuhonua were home to several generations of powerful chiefs.

Park name and features

The 420 acre (1.7 km2) site was originally established in 1955 as City of Refuge National Historical Park and was renamed on November 10, 1978. In 2000 the name was changed by the Hawaiian National Park Language Correction Act of 2000 observing the Hawaiian spelling.[2] It includes the puʻuhonua and a complex of archeological sites including: temple platforms, royal fishponds, sledding tracks, and some coastal village sites. The Hale o Keawe temple and several thatched structures have been reconstructed.

Hawaiian Hale at the Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park

Hale O Keawe heiau

The park contains a reconstruction of the Hale O Keawe heiau, which was originally built by a Kona chief named Kanuha in honor of his father King Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku. After the death of Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku, his bones were entombed within the heiau. The nobility (ali'i) of Kona continued to be buried until the abolition of the kapu system. The last person buried here was a son of Kamehameha I in 1818.

It was believed that additional protection to the place of refuge was received from the mana in the bones of the chiefs. it survived several years after other temples were destroyed. It was looted by Lord George Byron (cousin of the distinguished English poet) in 1825.[3] In 1829, High Chiefess Kapiʻolani removed the remaining bones and hid them in the Pali Kapu O Keōua cliffs above nearby Kealakekua Bay. She then ordered this last temple to be destroyed. The bones were later moved to the Royal Mausoleum of Hawaii in 1858.[4]

Protectors of the Gods at the Place of Refuge

The park was used as a background in Where in the U.S.A. is Carmen Sandiego? when the player goes to Hawaii.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "National Park Service Visitor Use Statistics". National Park Service. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
  2. ↑ Hawaiian National Park Language Correction Act of 2000 (S.939)
  3. ↑ Rowland Bloxam (1920). "Visit of H.M.S. Blonde to Hawaii in 1825". All about Hawaii: Thrum's Hawaiian annual and standard guide (Thomas G. Thrum, Honolulu): 66–82.
  4. ↑ Alexander, William DeWitt (1894). "The "Hale o Keawe" at Honaunau, Hawaii". Journal of the Polynesian Society (London: E. A. Petherick) 3: 159–161.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park.
External video
Fly-through of Pu'uhonua o Honaunau NHP, Honaunau, HI, HALS, March 18, 2014
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