Public use

Public use is a legal requirement under the takings clause ("nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation") of the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, that owners of property seized by eminent domain for "public use" be paid "just compensation".

The distinction between public use and public purpose has created a doctrinally confusing and highly controversial subset of public use doctrine. This controversy was renewed after the Supreme Court's decision. In Kelo v. City of New London (2005) the Court permitted for the first time, in a 5-4 decision, the taking of private property to and transferring it to a private developer for one dollar per year. In United States v. Gettysburg Electric Ry. Co., 160 U.S. 668 (1896), the US Supreme Court ruled in 1896 that seizing the railway for Gettysburg Battlefield historic preservation "seems" to be "a public use".^[1]

Takings that are not "for public use" are not directly covered by the doctrine,^[2] however such a taking will likely violate due process rights under the Fourteenth amendment, or other applicable law.^[3]

References

1. United States v. Gettysburg Electric Ry. Co., 160 U.S. 668 (1896).
2. See Berman v. Parker.
3. C.f., City of Pittsburgh v. Alco Parking Corp., 417 U.S. 369 (1974).

See also

• Berman v. Parker (1954)
• Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff (1985) in which the Supreme Court held that the eminent domain taking of a landlord's land in order to transfer it to lessee-homeowners residing on it in homes owned by them, satisfied the "public use" constitutional requirement.
• Kelo v. City of New London (2005)